Healthy Lifestyle Final Research Report Free Essays

Life SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 1 Sleep and Healthy Lifestyle National University of Singapore Undergraduates Profile Jiexuan Wang SM2 Group 1 National University of Singapore SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 2 Sleep and Healthy Lifestyle National University of Singapore Undergraduates Profile Sleeping, along with other healthy life habits has arisen awareness in recent years. As will be stated later, the majority of university undergraduates rarely took healthy living seriously. University students have long been known, as claimed by Dement (1997), to burn the midnight oil and maintain an unhealthy lifestyle, which could be potentially hazardous to their health condition. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyle Final Research Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Apart from dozing off in the class, sleeping deprivation and poor sleeping quality led to many long-term effects on the health conditions. Recently, we conducted a survey among the National University of Singapore (NUS) undergraduates to explore their knowledge of healthy lifestyle and sleeping habits (see Appendix A Interview Questions). The research mainly covered the concept of a healthy lifestyle, the sleeping hours and rituals. The aim of this paper is to reveal the general sleeping and healthy lifestyle conditions among NUS undergraduates and to revoke awareness on the healthy lifestyle and sleeping issue. Methodology The primary evidence was collected from our interviews, and several related materials were analyzed as subsidiary resources. We conducted face-to-face interviews and recorded down the responds from respondents. Six faculties were involved in the research, including Faculty of Science, Faculty of Art and Social SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 3 Science, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Business, School of computing and School of design and environment. Because of the limitation of the research method, we have only covered 96 respondents in our research. Results and Discussion This research covers the concept of a healthy lifestyle, sleeping deprivation and other related perspectives. The result is to some extent in accordance with our expectation, but some of the problems of sleeping disorders and deprivation have grabbed our attention. This section will discuss these topics in detail. Healthy lifestyle concept The concept of a healthy lifestyle may vary according to different people. From the research, it is clear that sleep, nutrition and exercise are major contributing factors, with some of the respondents emphasizing the importance of scheduled and balanced lifestyle. However, they could only give an idea of the concept without knowing further about this topic. The following Figure 1 presents an idea of the respondents’ understanding of healthy lifestyle. 71 4 5 5 6 4 8 1 1 80 60 40 20 0 42 51 Figure 1 Healthy lifestyle Concept of NUS undergraduates number of espondents SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 4 Sleeping hours Scientists accentuate the importance of length of sleep, suggesting a six to eight hours of sleep every night. Insufficient sleep may lead to diminishing productivity, tendency to make mistakes and most dangerously, unintended sleep. Figure 2 shows the sleeping hours among the respondents. The percentage of sleep deprivation among NUS undergrad uates is sobering. 18 out of 95 respondents stated that they have less than 6 hours of sleep each day, and as one of the respondents added, â€Å"There were many students dozing off during lectures. In addition, some of the respondents gave details of the sleeping time at night, ranging from eleven o’clock to two or three o’clock in the morning, and even shockingly, four or five in the morning when there is no lecture in the morning. However, noting that our biological rhythms work just the other way around, the sleeping habits of the majority of undergraduates are unhealthy. Reports (Fredrik, 2007) indicated that the period of 11 o’clock in the evening to 3 o’clock in the morning is when the body goes through a detoxification process and any time between 5 o’clock to 7 o’clock in the morning is suitable for defecation process. 0 60 40 20 0 below 6 sleeping hours 6 to 8 above 8 18 5 72 Figure 2 Sleeping Hours among Undergraduates in NUS SLE EP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 5 Sleeping Rituals Sleeping rituals could affect the sleeping efficiency and quality of sleep. Figure 3 illustrates the major sleeping rituals among the NUS undergraduates. One major factor is eating. Eating before bedtime has been a long-discussed topics among scientists. It is a two-edged sword, for sleep-benefit drinks such as a cup of warm milk can improve the efficiency of sleep while most snacks taken before bedtime are well known to be weight gaining. Interviews with respondents reveal that most of them will choose to eat before bedtime if they are hungry. However, burning the midnight oil easily contributes to bedtime eating habit. Besides, scientists claim that eating within three hours before bedtime is unhealthy (Taft, 2012). The research also reveals that the second most favorable activity before bedtime is to exercise, which was proved to be beneficial to the improvement of sleeping quality, as stated in (Wooten, 2007). Among other common sleeping rituals, recreations like movie watching may cause an excitement before sleeping time and resulted in sleeping disorder. number of respondents Exercising Chatting Set Alarm Shower Go Out Listening to Music Reading 25 12 12 9 37 1 1 3 2 1 16 15 15 19 Figure 3 Things NUS Undergraduates Do before Sleep SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 6 Conclusion The research reveals that the majority of undergraduates have a relevantly clear concept of a healthy lifestyle and that the sleeping pattern of the majority of undergraduates is reasonably healthy. The overall results from each faculty were mostly the same (see Appendix B). However, when it comes to sleeping hours and sleeping rituals, much can be done to improve the quality and efficiency of sleep, in order to avoid impaired performances and unintended sleep during daytime. The significance of the study of sleeping patterns is obvious, for it reveals the healthy condition of undergraduates and possibly revokes awareness of sleeping issue among NUS undergraduates. (846 words) SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 7 References Fredrik, P. (2007). When is the Best Time to Sleep?. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from http://www. ineedmotivation. com/blog/2007/10/when-is-the-best-time-to-sleep/ Taft, W. (2012). Stop eating three hours before bed. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from http://willtaft. com/eat-at-least-3-hours-before-going-to-sleep/ Dement, W. (1997). Sleepless at Stanford. In What all undergraduates should know about how their sleeping lives affect their waking lives. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from Stanford University, Center of Excellence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disorders Web site: http://www. stanford. du/~dement/sleepless. html Wooten, V. D. (2007). Discovery Health: â€Å"How to Fall Asleep†. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from http://health. howstuffworks. com/mental-health/sleep/basics/how-to-fall-asle ep. htm SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 8 Appendix A Interview Questions 1. What is your concept of a healthy lifestyle? 2. What do you think are the factors that represent a healthy lifestyle? 3. Do you think that sleep is essenti al in maintaining a healthy lifestyle? Why? 4. How much sleep do you normally have? Is it any different during examinations? 5. Do you have any leeping ritual- ­? a series of actions that you usually carry out- ­? before going to sleep? How long does it take you to do this? 6. Do you eat before bedtime? A. What food/drink helps you to sleep? How does it help you to sleep? B. What food/drink prevents you to sleep? How does it prevent you to sleep? 7. Do you exercise before bedtime? What type of exercise do you do? How long does it take you to do this? 8. What other activities do you do before sleeping? Do/does these/this help or prevent you to sleep? SLEEP AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 9 Appendix B Research Data (Original) How to cite Healthy Lifestyle Final Research Report, Essays

Is Digital Marketing the Way Forward in Marketing

Question: Write an essay on Is digital marketing the way forward in marketing?The essay question to be addressed through research and review of the contemporary literature inthe topic area: digital marketing. Answer: Introduction This paper shows and discover around the digital marketing as well as route of forward in the marketing. Many researches gave many views on it such as some said that digital marketing is a way forward, but some researcher said that they are unsure about way forward. So, we would present different researcher view about them. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate that digital marketing is the way forward for marketing or not in the current scenario. Indeed, digital marketing is a marketing which use the electronic devices such as computers, cell phone, tablets, smart phones and game consoles to involve with stakeholder. Digital marketing can through non internet channels such as SMS, TV, Radio, Social media, E-mail, Banner ads etc. Social media marketing is the part of digital marketing. Digital Marketing Institute defines the digital marketing as the use of digital channels to promote or use of market product and services to consumer and business purpose. The digital marketi ng term was used in the 1990 and its becoming more important for create a relationship with the consumer in the depth and relevant manner. (Kaufman Horton 2014) Digital marketing also called internet marketing but their actual position is different from it as digital marketing is related to targeted, interactive and measurable. Email marketing, SEO (search engine optimization), PPC (pay per click), social media, online advertising, affiliate marketing, text messaging, blogging news feeds and viral marketing are the elements of digital marketing. (Miller 2012) Indeed, forward way means the new approach or reinvent. Further, marketing is communicating the values of product and service for the purpose of the increase sales for specific product and services. Digital marketing tools such as email, internet, digital newspaper, T.V. and radio are interactive medium for marketing. These types of tools are able to target a particular market that firm wants to target for enhancing customers . Digital marketing the way forward or not in marketing The relationship between the digital marketing and way forward in marketing or not is described through literature review. This paper discuss about the digital marketing forward way structure. These are brief explanation about the literature of digital marketing that are following below:According to Lee, advertising is the most important way to increase performance of the firm. It is because advertising is an interactive process which exchanges the information of the firm to its customers. There are many components which increase scope of the digital marketing in the automotive industry such as IT sector. (Lee et al 2009) Ford motor made restructuring plan in 2006 which known as The Way Forward. Bucy also favor the perception of Lee and determine that use of digital marketing increase the performance of the organization. Knowledge exchange is the main elements which effects decision marking of the customers supports the organization to include innovation in their marketing strategies. Knowledge exchange became simple by digital marketing because it can gain the data about the firm product and services. Knowledge exchange or sharing is also supportive to the firm for improving their product and services if there is any mistake that raises problem to the customers. So, knowledge is becoming significant in global environment that also pressure the organization to develop effectiveness of their marketing strategies and scope of digital marketing. (Bucy 2004) Revere et al also support the Bucy perception and explains about digital knowledge management system. Digital knowledge management is significant to capture, distribute and apply the concept in the firm for their marketing p urpose. Therefore, digital knowledge management raises the scope of digital marketing in the automobile industry. It is because firm which is related to automobile industry have many features for their product to sale in the market. Customer cognition or knowledge is supportive to display information about the feature of their product or services effectively and efficiently. Customer can increase their cognition about product by digital marketing because it uses audio, video and other kinds of techniques to advertise the brands. (Revere et al 2007) According to Wymbs, social media is an effective to place wider scope for digital marketing. Social networking sites are supportive to create many benefits for the firm. It is because social sites support to advertising the brands and to reach their customers by sharing the data and idea in a cost effective manner. Further, digital marketing services would be improve with search engine optimization (SEO) which is significant to get correct solution. These correct solution are able to reach potential audiences in the cost effective manner that makes the firm financially strong. (Wymbs 2011) Organizations are using the digital marketing because it is an easy process to determine the technological features of the product as compare to traditional media sources. The beauty of digital marketing is the caliber to target and measure results so it is becoming effectives for any firms. In addition, Kiang depicted that online social media has changed through altering dynamic environment. It is also explains in this paper that effectiveness of online marketing media depends on the inputs of user community. Firms should follow customers and market trends carefully otherwise it would affect negatively on brand image of the organization. (Kiang et al 2000) Sharma said that digital marketing depicts to the marketing or promotion of products by the television, radio, internet etc. Digital marketing enhances the competitiveness for the firm through analyzing demand of the customers and to increase their satisfaction. Organization should use digital marketing system to convey the customers and try to maintain the relationship with them. (Sharma 2002) Globalization is the elements that increase the scope of digital marketing at worldwide. Globalization allows firm to extend their business operation from domestic market to international market. According to Prashantham, globalization raises the scope of digital marketing geographically in the international market. The firm can launch their products in the international market through using digital marketing. (Rhee 2001) At the same time digital marketing is an effective for the firm to provide information from several routes so it enables to offer huge variety product or services. Therefore, it is simple way to reach potential customers that is possible through digital marketing. It also plays an important role in many areas such as customer services sales, public relationship and information management. On the basis of literature review of digital marketing, we would discuss chief marketing officer (CMOs) perception about the way forward and they believes that digital media is way forward. The marketers all participant agreed that the digital marketing is the way forward. The general belief among the team member was that engagement, interactivity and measurability are making the marketers look at it far more seriously nowadays. When they used the digitally based on product life cycle their brands. Andre Campbell is the chief marketing manager in the Reliance Industries said that when all customers might not purchase online, they used digital way to be better informed. Andre Campbell said retail is all about value, growth, services and trust, but over the years this perception has been changed now and digital marketing supports to create a bound with the consumers. (Koleszar 2013) From the Andre Campbell statement we concluded that digital marketing is way forward in the marketing because earlier mostly used print marketing, but in the globalization chief marketing officer adopting digital advertising in marketing perspective. Reliance groups stated online buying opportunity through home delivery service. Customer need to pay when they got parcel in the hand about their desire product or services. Andre Campbell has good experience as well as marketing concern in the several organizations so its commitment and statement is valuable for marketing way forward concern. Further, Vivek Nayar the chief marketing officer at Mahindra Mahindra said that content is the key success of digital marketing because it allows multiple points for brand storytelling. Digital marketing has created consumer to strongest person for a brand. He presented some useful example to establish that digital marketing supports in better customers engagement and association. (Carver 2009) Mahindra Mahindra is a fastest growing company which uses new and creative product, technologies to explain market dominant with the use of internet. Mahindra Mahindra can use many design and process for the advertising of their product that can be done perfectively by digital marketing or media. So, creativity is also a factor which increases range of using digital marketing digital media. However, creativity is enhancing the field of digital marketing because Mahindra Mahindra want to advertise their new and creative products to a huge population in an effective route to raise its custom er oriented and market share. Further, Vivek Srivastav marketing head of Renault India said that digital marketing helps a brand to create affect and measure which cant be gained through traditional marketing such as print and mass marketing. Renault India provides features evaluation and online buying opportunity to their customer through sites. These sites and other internet sources are supportive to expand massage of the Renault India among customers and to create more opportunities. Therefore, a digital media system in the Renault India is helpful to increase customers experiences, facilities learning and to improve staff productivity. We need to book buy order online and they will provide home delivery of their product and services. In addition, Rajan Anandan is the chairman of the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) noticed that India is the evidence of great increase in research online shop offline and at the same movement e-commerce sites are doing good level business. IAMAI said that online marketing is projected to reach Rs 2938 crore in 2014. India is the fast growing countries in the worldwide as well as digital marketing concern because India is rising in the education sector and people are using digital devices such as tablets, smart phone and phone which helps to connect social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. So, Indian base organizations are using digital marketing and we can say that digital marketing way forward in the Indian market perspective. Further, approach or face of the digital marketing always changing such as fashion. (Koleszar 2013) We would discuss the digital marketing trends to evaluate the way forwardness in marketing. So, these are following trends which d escribe below: Google plus- a phenomenal rise: Google launched Google plus in 2011. This is very innovative creation of Google. Initial stage they had slow start, but soon people saw the potential of Google plus in the all over the world. There are 500 million users of Google plus and its user are expanding constantly. It can impact the marketing strategy due to 90 percent of worlds daily search traffic and single handed. (Puzhar 2014) Linked In- the way forward: it is first business networking tools which gained high momentum and constantly to perform excellent with the users expectation. Innovative blogs posts: Innovative blogs affects the business and attract the consumer to buy their product and service from market. When people use internet, then good blogs attract to buy their product or services. (Puzhar 2014) While some professionals view on the digital marketing that they are unsure about the way forward in the marketing perspective. Most of people accept that they wanted to adopt new idea or reinvent itself, but they dont know how to get it because only few people knew that how to get it. Research data says that 40 percent marketers know that they want to reinvent themselves, but only 14 percent people know that how to go about it. This research based on more than 1000 marketing professional qualified people in US. Further, 64 percent marketers wanted to change their role in upcoming years and 81 percent think that their role will change in next three years. But reinvention path still a challenges for marketers because around 30 percent of cited still facing lack of training in new marketing skills. (Sangameshwaran 2014) Furthermore, if we describe the marketers for further 12 months perspective from now. Then, we got that 54 percent of marketers said they must take more risk and 45 percent wanted to take more risk themselves. 65 percent said that they are comfortable to adopt new technology once they become part of the mainstream. However, marketers wanted to play safe game when they adopted new technology. Moreover, those marketers are highlighted which spend more than 25 percent of their marketing budget on digital marketing as compared to those are not spending more than 25 percent. High digital marketing spend capacity organizations are believe that they wanted to reinvent themselves to succeed as compared to low digital spend organization. High digital spend potential organizations are three times said that they know how to reinvent themselves as compare to low performance. (Greenberg Kates 2013) In addition, Chief Marketing Officer of Adobe Mr. Ann Lewnes said that the shift to digital require new technology, new approaches are totally new role for marketers and they are not familiar with them. The good news for marketers is to that they saw the change in front of them and they need to embrace figures or data. They focus on creating personalized experience and work across web, mobile channels and social. Most of marketers wanted to more data for focused to succeed, but 49 percent reported trusting my gut to guide someone else that where to invest their marketing budget funds. 72 percent marketers accept their long term success is jointed to providing marketing return on investment. Further, 74 percent marketers said that capturing and applying data to inform and force marketing activity is the new real world and 69 percent wanted to embrace hyper personalization with the use of data to provide services, right products and content at the right time. However, only 39 percent m arketers are using the consumer data and nature to shape marketing strategy in the last 12 months and 45 percent marketers made a plan to use more consumer data and behavior in the next 12 months. (Sangameshwaran 2014) Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that digital marketing raise the performance of the organization because it is faster and broader technique to negotiate with customer for distributing the information as compare to traditional marketing so it is becoming way forward of the marketing that is approved by many chief marketing officers such as Andre Campbell, Vivek Nayar, Vivek Shrivastav and Rajan Anandan through their experience of marketing fields. It is low cost and time consuming process which is quite healthy for organization to develop their effectiveness. It is helpful for marketing managers to identify the results of marketing. The forward way of marketing in business is also altering due to technology changes in market. Digital marketing is an efficient or effective advertising media as compare of others such as mass media, print media and social media etc. However, some professional person presented view about the digital marketing is not way forward in marketing so we would agreed with them. From the data, it is develop that previous advertising trend also plays significant role in advertising, but digital marketing has way forward capability to be an alternative of the efforts related to improvement in the marketing perspective. References Bampo, M, Ewing, MT, Mather, DR, Stewart, D, Wallace, M, 2008, The Effects of the Social Structure of Digital Networks on Viral Marketing Performance, Information Systems Research, 19 (3), p. 273290. Bird, D, 2007, Commonsense Direct and Digital Marketing, 5th ed, Kogan Page Publishers, London. Bucy, EP, 2004, Interactivity in Society: Locating an Elusive Concept, The Information Society, 20, p.373383. Carver, JM, 2009, CMO: Chief Marketing Officer Or Chief "marginalized" Officer, ProQuest, Michigan. Charlesworth, A, 2014, Digital Marketing: A Practical Approach, Routledge, London. Greenberg, E, Kates, A, 2013, Strategic Digital Marketing: Top Digital Experts Share the Formula for Tangible Returns on Your Marketing Investment, McGraw Hill Professional, New York. Harden, L, Heyman, B, 2009, Digital Engagement: Internet Marketing that Captures Customers and Builds Intense Brand Loyalty, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn, London. Kaufman, I, Horton, C, 2014, Digital Marketing: Integrating Strategy and Tactics with Values, A Guidebook for Executives, Managers, and Students, Routledge, London. Kiang, MY, Raghu, TS, Shang, KHM, 2000, Marketing on the Internet who can benefit from an online marketing approach? Decision Support Systems, 27 (4), p 383-393. Koleszar, WL, 2013, The Chief Marketing Officer Journal - Volume I, Lulu.com, Georgia. Lee, S.M., Kim, J, Choi, Y, Lee, SG, 2009, Effects of IT Knowledge and Media Selection on Operational Performance of Small Firms. Small Business Economy, 32, p. 241257. Lovett, J, 2011, Social Media Metrics Secrets, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Miller, M, 2012, B2B Digital Marketing: Using the Web to Market Directly to Businesses, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Pride, W, Ferrell, OC, 2014, Foundations of Marketing, Cengage Learning, Boston. Puzhar, 2014, Digital Marketing Way Forward: Trend For 2014-2015, view 21 January, 2015 Rhee, JH, 2001, Does Digitization Enhance Firm Competitiveness? E-Business Strategies Based On Information Processing Theory, Journal of E-Business, 1 (1), p 1-99. Sheth, JN, Sisodia, R, 2006, Does Marketing Need Reform?: Fresh Perspectives on the Future, M.E. Sharpe, New York. Sharma, A, 2002, Trends in Internet-Based Business-to-Business Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, 31 (2), p 77-84. Sangameshwaran, P, 2014, Digital Marketing: Professional Unsure About Way Forward, Finds Study, view 21 January, 2015 Revere, D, Turner, AM, Madhavan, A, Rambo, N, Bugni, PF, Kimball, AM Fuller, SS, 2007, Understanding the Information Needs of Public Health Practitioners: A Literature Review to Inform Design of an Interactive Digital Knowledge Management System, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 40, p 410421. Wymbs, C, 2011, Digital Marketing: The Time for a New Academic Major Has Arrived, Journal of Marketing Education, 33, p 93-106.

Commercial and Corporation Law ASIC

Question: Discuss about the Commercial and Corporation Law for ASIC. Answer: Registration of Any Aim Fitness and The Concerns Ying and Zena must turn their idea into an action in order to form a company. Section 1.5.3 of Corporation Act 2001 provides for setting up of a company. The guidelines is that having the idea of forming Any Aim Fitness is not enough, Ying and Zena have to lodge an application that is properly completed in the prescribed form. A proper application form will include the directors, shareholders and their personal information details. The Any Aim Fitness Company shall exist upon registration by Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). The second issue will be whether the proposed company to be formed by the friends would be registered. Section 112 of Corporations Act provides that a company can be public company or a private company. The intention by Zena and Ying to turn what has been a charity for a number of years into a business can therefore be realized by choosing the Proprietary Company as a vehicle of their business operation. A proprietary company limited by shares s the best vehicle in the circumstances owing to the investment which needs to be done, limitation of membership and transferability of shares and the limitation of liability of the members once the company is registered Again, it is worthy to note that being two friends; they meet the statutory minimum of members of a proprietary company asunder section 114 of Corporations Act 2001 and still be way below the statutory maximum of numbers of the 50 members of the proprietary company under section 113 of Corporations Act (CA) 2001. Having identified the business opportunity, Zena and Ying must then move to search for the name of the company and ascertain that their proposed name of Any Aim Fitness is available. This is will be their principal role as promoters of the company. The guiding principle the name search is in order to ascertain that the name that the two friends are settling on is not unacceptable or identical to an existing name as under section 147 of CA 2001. The two friends must be aware of the requirement of section 148 of CA 2001 that makes it mandatory for the company to have the word limited at the end. Since the best business vehicle is a proprietary company, the company name shall be Any Aims Fitness Proprietary Limited. The procedure of reserving the name is clearly outlined in the section 152 of Corporations Act 2001. Under the section, a person has to lodge an application for reservation if the name is available under section 147 of CA 2001. The reservation last for two months and can be extended for two more months when the ASIC discretionary powers are invoked. While the registration of the proposed company is pending, the two friends, Zena and Ying shall be called promoters of the company. A promoter is a person who undertakes in the formation of a company and sets the same going through taking of necessary steps in order to achieve a certain purpose. From the definition, it is clear that they have conceived the thought and idea of setting the business of offering fitness to the people and are tasked with the future prospects of the business. They need to be aware of their liability to the pre-incorporations contracts entered into such as the agreement to lease the office near the park for three years. The position of common law is that a promoter is personally liable for the contracts unless they are approved by the company. The similar position has been adopted by the CA under section 131 as it provides that the company formed will be bound by contract if the company ratifies it after registration. Even if it fails to ratify, the company is still able to be found liable for payment of damages or transfer if property. Therefore Ying and Zena ought to provide guidelines for ratification and the timelines in the company constitution in order to avoid uncertainty as to a reasonable time. If the registered company ratifies, the company itself shall be bound by the lease agreement. Prior to registration, Ying and Zena have to make certain decisions. This will include choosing the registered and business address of the proposed company where all communications are to be sent. Another is the choice of officeholders such as the director and to give full particulars such as full names, date and place of birth and residential address. The point of awareness in respect of this requirement is that a proprietary company must have at least a director but the position of a company secretary is not mandatory. Lastly they have to decide on the share structure of the company including classes of shares, total number of shares. Registration process also called incorporation. Currently, the incorporation can be done on an online platform for automated way of registering a company in Australia and getting incorporated. The procedure as under section 117 of Corporations Act is that a person must lodge an application with the Australian Securities and Investment Commission. The application must contain the type of the company, company proposed name, name and address of consenting persons, names and place of birth of directors, company secretary, if any, address of registered office or principal place of business, number , classes and value of shares. If the ASIC is satisfied, it shall give the company an ACN number, register it and issue a certificate starting the ACN and company name, type and date of registration. Under section 119, it is only after registration that the company shall be deemed to have come into existence. Another vital thing is the effect of registration of the company. Once registered, the company becomes a body corporate and shall have separate legal capacity from the members. This is advantageous to the two friends as their liability shall be limited to the extent of shares held alone. Section 124 of Corporations Act provides that the company has powers to issue shares, grant unissued shares, and distribute company property and to do anything authorized by law. Another point of awareness is in the area of having an Australian Company Number (ACN). This is a peculiar number with nine digits that every company in Australia has. Though Ying and Zena have opted for a name without the number, it is requirement under the law that the ACN must appear in its accounting documents, notices, letterheads, cheques and written advertisements. Arguments by Amazing Events Management Ltd and Adelaide Bus Ltd Issues The brief facts are that Adelaide Bus Ltd wants a pay for printing of picture for AEM on account of a concert with was cancelled, has been contracted to print pictures for advertisement in major contract. From the set of facts certain issues can be identified for determination. First issue is whether the act of cancellation of the concert could be anticipated in the circumstances when AEM was contracting AB to do the advertisement. Second issue will be whether the actions of AEM were unconscionable thus warranting an exception to the application of the doctrine of frustration. The Law The law on performance of a contract indoctrinates the doctrine of frustration which flows from Coronation cases. It provides that once a contract has been entered into and is affected by a force majeure, it fails in futuro. The doctrine as it is operates has over time been modified by various statutory laws. Other inherent limitation is that the courts will apply it as a last resort only the act complained of as having caused the frustration must not have been anticipated reasonably in the circumstances. Statutory laws have also modified this doctrine by requiring that the conduct of any person who wants to be protected under this doctrine ought not to be unconscionable. It must prove that the actions were not oppressive or harsh. Application The two parties shave been entangled in a complex situation of multiple application of laws and exceptions. Amazing Events Management Ltd. (AEM) will argue that the contract between it and Adelaide Bus Co. Ltd. (AB) was frustrated. In advancing this argument, AEM will first need to prove that there is a valid contract between AEM and AB. In establishing a valid contract, ne needs to prove the existence of the elements such as agreement, consideration and intention to be legally bound. As to the first limb, Amazing Events Management Ltd can argue that there was a meeting of minds between the parties as to the advertisement of the concert. He will argue that the offer was certain and is distinguishable from an invitation to treat. The arguments can be furthered by stating that the contracting of AB by AEM to print fifty large poster advertisements was in no uncertain terms (Beatson, 1998). As to the consideration, AEM can argue that in the agreement, AB was to print fifty large posters and in the end he would be paid for the service. Thirdly, AEM will have to prove that here was an intention to be legally bound amongst the parties to the contract for printing of advertisements. This would be evident from the communication between the parties. Once Amazing Events Management Ltd has proved the existence of a valid contract, it will then advance an argument that the contract has been frustrated. Frustration here means that the cancellation rendered the completion impossible. Amazing Events Management Ltd. will argue for the application of the doctrine of frustration (El-Hassan, 1985). This will be advanced by stating that the cancellation of the concert was supervening and beyond the control of Amazing Events Management Ltd. Evidently, this was the case as the major contractor, Barry Big Noise did not formally inform AEM that they were cancelling the main contract of advertisement and organizing of the contract. AEM can rely on the case of Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3B S 826 to persuade the court that upon proof of frustration by lack of anticipation, the contract must thus be automatically terminated (McIntyre, 2004). In Taylor case, the common law position on frustration was upheld and the court underscored that common law has no place for performance where a contract has been frustrated. Finally as to the claim of the debt, AEM ca advance the argument that the loss for termination ought to lie where they fall. Furthermore the advertisement contract was dependent of the concert events organizing agreement and that when the later failed; there was no reason in principle why the dependent contract of advertisement must not fail. AB will argue for common law exception that it will advance in the argument is that the doctrine of frustration is not absolute but applies in limited cases (McIntyre, 2004). It shall argue that the kind of frustration was common in the business of Events management and that it could have been anticipated by the parties therefore removing it totally from the ambit of doctrine of frustration (Rothschild, 1931). The second legal argument which can be advanced by AB is that the doctrine of frustration if applied would be unfair to it given its harshness in the instant circumstances. This is because, at the time of being called not to proceed with the advertisement, AB had already printed the pictures (Marchetti, 2012). Particularly, he will rely on the provisions of Part 2(C) of Fair Trading Act 1999 Act No. 16 of 1999. Conclusion The reliance on the statutory ABs reliance on section 8(2)(b) of Trading Act on prohibition of unconscionable conducts where would be strong due to the seniority that the statutes have over common law principles during interpretation (Leske and Schweitzer, 2009). Again, it is because that AEM had a higher bargaining power. This it can do by relying on the case of Cutter v Powell [1795] EWHC KB J13 (9 June 1795) KB in order to persuade the court that her is unity of the contracts. While Amazing events management Ltd will rely on the doctrine of frustration, Adelaide Bust Ltd can base the argument on the exception t the operation of t doctrine. As to the argument on damages, Adelaide Bus Ltd is likely to fall because the court is likely to consider that Amazing Events Management Ltd can be able to recover from Barry Big Noise for lack of proper notice of cancelation of the contract of organizing the concert. Secondly, it would be easy for AB to invoke courts discretion to grant damages and orders by showcasing exceptions to the general rule. References Beatson, J. (1998). Anson's Law of Contract. Oxford University Press Kelly, D., Holmes A., Hayward, R. (2002). Business Law. Oxford University Press Lunney, C. (2000) Tort Law: Text Materials. Oxford University Press Marchetti, C., 2012. Doctrine of frustration. El-Hassan, A.E.W.A. 1985. Freedom of contract, the doctrine of frustration, and sanctity of contracts in Sudan law and Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, pp.51-59. McIntyre, E. (2004). Business Law. Longman Publishers Anderson, A. 1953. Frustration of Contract-A Rejected Doctrine. De Paul Law Review 3(1) pp 1 Rothschild, J.L. 1931. The Doctrine of Frustration or Implied Condition in the Law of Contracts. Temp. LQ 6, pp.337. Leske, K.O. and Schweitzer, D. 2009. Frustrated with Preemption: Why Courts Should Rarely Displace State Law Under the Doctrine of Frustration Preemption. NYU Ann. Surv. Am. L. 65, pp. 585. List of Cases Cutter v Powell [1795] EWHC KB J13 (9 June 1795) Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3B S 826 List of Statutes Fair Trading Act 1999 Act No. 16 of 1999. Corporations Act No. 16 of 2001

Preparing For RD GPA Or RD PS in Advance

Preparing For RD GPA Or RD PS in AdvanceIt can be rather difficult to have to respond to a student sample responses to RD GPA or RD PS in advance, but it doesn't have to be if you know what you're doing. You can certainly save yourself the trouble of preparing for an entire set of responses to all of your sample tests.What's going on here? Well, you'll be looking at a set of some sort of sample answers to one or more of the steps in the proposed writing exercise. This means that you'll be writing a single answer to a question that is most likely from the sample tests you've been provided with.The first step in this type of sample student responses to RD GPA or RD PS essay is to sit down and do some research on how to approach this exercise. There are a number of guides out there that offer a great deal of information on preparing for this type of exercise. You need to follow all of the advice and get as much help as you can.The next step is to use a quality program to help you prepar e for this sample student responses to RD GPA or RD PS essay. The reason for this is that such a program can certainly save you a lot of time and frustration when you're trying to get ready for the RD GPA or RD PS essay. It will make the process much more manageable, giving you much more time to actually write the essay.Most programs will have dozens of sample questions that can be used as a basis for your essay. There's no reason why you shouldn't try to get most of the information you need before you start practicing.The best things about these programs are that they will allow you to customize the response to the question in the RD GPA or RD PS essay you're working on. You don't have to accept all of the sample essays offered by these programs.In addition to the many different sample essays that are available for you to use for your RD GPA or RD PS essay, a good quality online program can also give you a set of sample answers to a particular question. This is a great way to prepa re for the RD GPA or RD PS essay before you begin writing.

Osmosis and diffusion lab report Sample

Osmosis and diffusion lab report Paper Introduction: The purpose of experiment 1 was to demonstrate the principle of simple diffusion and understand how to make % solutions. Exercise 2 demonstrated the principle of osmosis: observing the movement of water by osmosis from an area of lower concentration of a solute to an area of higher concentration of a solute. Materials and Method: Refer to pages 47-51 of Bio LOLL Lab Manual. Results/ Discussion: The effect of the chloride ion on its rate of diffusion in agar means it will diffuse faster because it is more concentrated. We graphed the diffusion of chloride ions rather than sodium ions because while the sodium ions do diffuse in to the agar the chloride ions from the Niacin will combine with silver ions, from Again and create a white precipitate. The white precipitate allows us to measure the the white band through the agar at different points and determine the rate of diffusion of the chloride ions. If the the agar concentration was increased 10% the rate of chloride ion diffusion would most likely decrease since it would be a denser gel. The rate of osmosis for tube 1 was 0 g/her, tube 2 was 1. 13 g/her, tube 3 was 3. 63 g/her, tube 4 was 6. 39 g/her, and tube 5 was 7. 51 g/her. The rate of osmosis depends on the concentration of sucrose the water will move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. The factors that could have contributed to any errors in measurements, are incorrect petting, gives you less or more of the required amount needed in the dialysis bags, and will change the mass of each bag that is to be recorded. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis and diffusion lab report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis and diffusion lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis and diffusion lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The eNotes Blog Spring Cleaning Your LessonPlans

Spring Cleaning Your LessonPlans The term â€Å"spring cleaning† often evokes the image of a jam-packed closet, filled with items that have accumulated over time and that may or may not still be useful. Spring cleaning usually isn’t associated with lesson plans, but it’s a good practice to apply to them, too. In fact, it’s more than good. It’s essential! Lesson plans, no matter how carefully crafted, aren’t set in stone. At least they shouldn’t be, since teaching never takes place in a static environment. Everything that affects teaching changes continually- in education, in society, and in the world at large. The body of human knowledge continues to grow, sometimes exponentially, and technology races ahead of where we were the day before. Also, from one year to the next, the human dynamics in a classroom change, too. Different groups of kids come and go, and teachers become more adept and experienced in educating them. Consequently, it’s essential not to rely on the same lesson plans year after year. In addition to writing new plans, it’s important to look over the old ones, and do some spring cleaning. Actually, spring cleaning a collection of lesson plans is like going through all the items in a closet- reviewing each one, evaluating it, and making a decision: keep it, toss it, or do something else with it. The analogy works, but not entirely. The usual advice about tackling a cluttered closet is to get rid of everything that hasn’t been worn in a year or two. When it comes to deciding the fate of a lesson plan, though, that approach won’t work. There are too many variables in play. Faculty assignments, district curriculums, and state standards change; what you don’t need one year, you might need the next. Also, a lesson plan that didn’t work last time might work next time with a different group of kids. In evaluating a lesson plan and deciding what to do with it, these guidelines would be more helpful: Is the lesson plan grounded in worthwhile objectives? Is it as effective as it could be in teaching them? Would kids still find it interesting? Does it relate to the world they’re living in or reflect the society they’re navigating? Does it engage them in their own learning? In going through an accumulation of lesson plans, no doubt you’ll find some that are still good-to-go just as they are, while others need to be updated or could be improved with a little polishing. Occasionally, a lesson plan turns up that really needs attention! Not to worry! There are ways to save it, instead of tossing it out, and the same methods can be used to turn an old lesson plan into a new and improved version. Here are a few of them: Revise a lesson plan to incorporate resources now available on the internet. Refocus it to align the objectives with current standards. Reconstruct it to include hands-on activities that allow kids to use technology, especially in creative ways. Rewrite the examples in it to reflect contemporary society. Renovate the teaching methods employed in it by incorporating some new instructional strategies. With a lesson plan that’s no longer effective as a whole, try this before deep-sixing the whole thing. Identify the content that still works well, and recycle it; work it into an existing lesson plan, or use it in writing a new one. Also, it might be possible to use parts of several old plans in creating a new unit. Considering all the resources now available in writing lesson plans, spring cleaning the old ones can be fun. It’s an opportunity to be creative in applying what you know now that you didn’t know then and in using some amazing technology that didn’t exist when you first designed them. Also, besides making the most of the hard work you’ve done in the past, spring cleaning your lesson plans is a valid reason to put off dealing with the closet! It’s a win-win! This is a post from Staff Writer, Susan Hurn. Susan is a former high school English teacher and college instructor. She loves writing for and also enjoys good books, creative writing, and all things related to history.  Let us know if you’re interested in  contributing to the   blog.

Managing Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Information - Essay Example Leibold et al. (2002) assert that during last three decades the world has gone through the important turning period in its economic, political and social history, which is related to the increasing appreciation of new values, such as openness, freedom, interdependency, networking and collaboration. It is accompanied by the acceleration of technological changes and impetuous development of computer and electronic communications. In the organisational context these processes entailed significant shifts in strategic management thinking and implementations: from information to knowledge and wisdom; from bureaucracies to networks; from training / development to learning; from local / national to transnational / global and meta-national; from competitive to collaborative thinking; from single and multi-connective relationships to bio-corporate relationships (Leibold et al. 2002: p.14). All these changes clearly reveal that the current era of the global economy is primarily based on knowled ge and intellectual assets rather than on material and financial assets. This era is often called New Economy or Knowledge Economy (Drucker 1994; Davenport & Prusak 1998), where knowledge is considered as a key organisational asset, which ensures sustainable competitive advantages for companies (Alavi & Leidner 2001). Companies in its turn also represent a new form of organisations, which exploit specific organisational structures and new information technologies, and base their business upon a development of core competencies through knowledge and expertise sharing and organisational learning. This paper is aimed to discuss modern concepts and approaches related to management of knowledge in organisations, and critically assess the role of Knowledge Management in creation of sustainable competitive advantages of enterprises. 3.0 Key Findings 3.1 Supporting Knowledge Management Understanding Knowledge in Organisations Knowledge in organisations is considered as â€Å"any text, fact , example, event, rule, hypothesis, or model that increases understanding or performance in a domain or discipline† (Liebowitz & Beckman 1998: p.49). Another useful definition of knowledge is â€Å"a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insights that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. In organisations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents and repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms† (Davenport & Prusak 1998: p.5). Allee (1997: p.62) explains that when information is involved in the larger context of meaning, when it is analysed and linked with other information, when it is referred to existing patterns, social and cultural biases and interpretations – then it becomes knowledge. So, evidently, knowledge can be organised and classified, having the properties of an object. At the same time, â€Å"knowledge can be viewed as a process of transformation through creation, adaptation, enhancement and application† (Allee 1997: p. 47). Or, in other words, â€Å"knowledge is the process of knowing, a reflexive process that takes data and information, in a social context, mixes the ingredients and factors [experience, judgment, common sense, rules of thumb, values and beliefs, basic truths, context, best practices, emotions, desires] to generate new data, information, and/or knowledge†