Climate Change Has Changed Our Ecosystem - 792 Words

Climate Change depleted Water Resources and resulted in a shortage of access to water in some areas of the world Maryam Yaqoob Water makes up about 60% of human body weight and constitute about 70% of the earth. Nonetheless, the demands on water greatly exceed the supply and soon enough the world will run into serious problems. Since the industrial revolution, human footprint has increased exponentially. Population explosion and the ever-increasing greenhouse gas emission have affected our whole ecosystem. The world is already witnessing the devastating effects of climate change. Climate change has had a great impact on quality and the quantity of water resources. Climate Change has resulted in desertification, decrease in†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, desertification is not the only phenomena affecting land degradation. Deforestation, a phenomenon where forests are destroyed (Edwards, 2005). Nonetheless, the process of deforestation is partially due to Climate change, humans has cut down trees and contribute to the deforestation. It is arguable that that deforestation has led to lands becoming vulnerable to desertification (Edwards, 2005). This is prevalent especially in places where the land is exposed to high temperatures and prolonged direct sun exposure. Based on these evidences, climate change has resulted in a drought and shortage of water supply in some regions of the world (Edwards, 2005). Although it might seem that Global warming has resulted in an abundance of water supply as the result of excessive precipitation and floods in some areas of the world. Nonetheless, large sections of the world are under the risk of having a shortage in fresh water supply. The average snowfall has decreased in many areas of the world (Paul A O Gorman, 2014). Fluctuations in rainfall and snowfall cycles disrupt the availability of water for irrigation (Frederick Major, 1997). Decreased snowfall results in decreased snowmelt in the subsequent summer, which results in a decrease in the content of the water stream. Some fresh water rivers acquire their stream from mountain snowmelt. The fluctuation in precipitations and flooding makes it harder to exploit these resources. Dooms and water reservoirs operate on

Essay on Poverty in Social Classes - 659 Words

Poverty in Social Classes The world contains a lot of societies, cultures, and classes. Each household belongs to some social class that represents their level of education, their work position, and their financial status. These different classes have created a conflict between people. It fills rich peoples minds with the thought that poor people are criminals, and that conflict ended up with creating poverty. The authors Gilbert, Kahl, Magnet, and Gans are discussing the important causes and reasons that created poverty in comparing and contrasting these points with each other. Weber believes that educated people are more likely able to make a better society than non-educated ones. This is seen when the authors say, Weber was†¦show more content†¦Crimes were created from this class throughout the years. In contrast, the authors say, So even as men regained a measure of security from criminal impulses that had arisen among them, the unjust inequality of wealth that had given the birth to crime in the first place was institutionalized in society at the very moment of its foundation. (qtd. in Gilbert and Kahl 449). This shows the belief of the authors that the underclass people are more likely to be criminals than happy secure people. Magnet alludes to statements made by Plato, St. Augustine, Hobbes, Burke, and Freud and points out that each of these thinkers concluded as men come from the hand of nature, they are instinctively aggressive, with a built-in inclination to violence (451). Magnet, though, examines povertys underlying causes, identifies the conditions necessary for its reduction, and offers the more sensible analysis of the condition. On the other hand, Gans, however, sees things differently. He believes poverty is caused by mainstream society, which suppresses the poor and creates a social climate hostile to the poor. Clark takes an utterly uncompromising tack. Crime among poor blacks... flows clearly and directly from the brutalization and dehumanization of racism, poverty, and injustice. (qtd. in Magnet 450). In contrast, Gans believes that black troubles and misbehavior are caused more by povertyShow MoreRelatedSocial Stratification And Social Class1205 Words   |  5 PagesIndividuals within a society are grouped into certain rankings that is based on their wealth, income, race and education known as the social stratification. Sociologist use this to determine the social standings of individuals within a society. Social stratification can also appear in much smaller groups. These groups such as the work place, schools, and businesses can â€Å"take the form of a distribution of power and authority down the ranks†. (Cole, 2017) The Caste system is also another form of stratificationRead MorePoverty : The Gulf Coast810 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty can change how people act and the way that they live in society. Poverty can also stand for the experience someone may lose by living the same way as everyone else around them. Poverty can mean different things such as lack money and ex perience, but all types of poverty can limit what a person can do such as in the short stories â€Å"The Gulf Coast,† â€Å"The Louisiana Live Oak Society,† and â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man.† The short story â€Å"The Gulf Coast† shows poverty by the lack of experienceRead MoreThe Gospel Of Wealth By Andrew Carnegie1180 Words   |  5 PagesCarnegie, describes two classes and the association of wealth between them. Adam Smith’s passage, Of the Natural Progress of Opulence, similarly, includes a reciprocal relationship of production between the town and country. Unlike the other essays, Marx’s, Communist Manifesto, debunks the separation of classes and urges equal distribution of wealth and, The Position of Poverty, Galbraith’s composition, emphasizes the importance of wealth in the public sector to abolish poverty. The essays all haveRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Max Weber1437 Words   |  6 Pages Social stratification is a concept used within sociology that explains the divisions and social inequalities of large groups of people within a particular society. The Hunger Games (2012) is a film that demonstrates this through amplifying how the power of the rich members in a polarised society are taking control of the poor and separating them in different districts which create specific social rankings. This essay will use the perspective of conflict theory to examine how Australian society isRead MoreSocial Class Of The United States1103 Words   |  5 Pagesand occupation. The American society is conventionally arranged into social classes founded on income, wealth, occupation, educational successfulness and social network. Social classes are defined as â€Å"status hierarchy in which individuals and groups are classified on the basis of esteem and prestige acquired mainly through economic success and the accumulation of wealth.† (â€Å"social class†) For most of American history, social classes have created inflexible barriers, with multiple institutions and businessesRead MoreSociology M2-D1803 Words   |  3 Pagesillness in two different social groups D1 - Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups In this assignment I hope to effectively discuss and evaluate the patterns and trends associated with health and illness within the higher and lower social classes. I am going to do this by discussing and evaluating the following explanations and perspectives within sociology; Artefact explanation, Natural or Social Selection explanationRead MoreSocial Class in America1217 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunities are limited. Usually limited for those who belong to a lower social class. The main reason opportunities are limited are because of America’s social inequality. The social class of America is separated into multiple groups that struggle with each other due to the inequality of power and wealth on the daily basis. Social class has always been influential in America even though many people put forth that someone’s social class is insignificant when building friendships or any other relationshipRead MoreModels Of Identifying Problems And Strengths1550 Words   |  7 Pages Models of Identifying Problems and Strengths 1. Individual problem or barrier that participant faces. For the purpose of this paper, I will be using a fictitious name when describing my client. Henry Montoya, 42, sought services for parenting classes after Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) opened a case against him. DCFS claimed that Mr. Montoya failed to protect his 6 children from their mother who was under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Mr. Montoya was working and livingRead MoreThe Third Article Is By Murali ( 2004 ) Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe third article is by Murali (2004). This article looks into poverty at a deeper level and explores how it directly and indirectly affects mental health. It looks at it in the context of the growing inequality between the classes. This article mainly focuses on the children and how their social class shapes their mental health. It is important to look at how it affects children, because the children as they grow can either accept it or work hard to change it. It is hard to see upward mobility fromRead MoreRelati onship Between Poverty And Crime Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between poverty and crime will be examined in this literature review. The topic is interesting because there is a relationship between poverty and crime. Society uses a system that separates people by social class. Social class is determined by the total amount of income and wealth that a person has. According to Segal, Gerdes, and Steiner (2013), a person’s living expenses and needs are not met due to the lack of proper wages would be considered living in poverty; the year 2009 a total

New Accounting Standard Proposal Free-Samples for Students

Question: Explain why the Manager might object to the Proposed New Standard. Answer: Explanation on why the manager might object to the proposed new standard Basing on the proposed new accounting standard, the manager might object its proposal because since the manager is risk averse, an increase in the volatility of expected future remuneration will decrease the expected utility thus holding the expected value of compensation constant (Ballwieser, Bamberg, Beckmann, Bester, Blickle, Ewert, Gaynor, 2012). Given the rigidity of the contract, the manager will object to the new standard because the expected utility of remuneration is lower. In this particular case, an increase in volatility will significantly decrease the amount of income that should be recorded by the company. This action is basically not welcomed by any manager in any organization because most of the companies exist so as to make profit necessary for expansions and growth. Consequently, the manager is assumed to be a risk-averse individual, increases the amount of compensation and debt covenants risks often lowers the managers expected utilities because apprehension of the manager's legitimate concerns about the aspect of risks often assists diverse students to understand the controversies that basically surrounds the many standards of accounting (Mitnick, 2015). Diverse risk averse managers are often aware of various risks that may result in any change or alteration in the accounting standards. This proposed new standard will limit the amount of revenues that the firm is capable of recording because it negatively affects the volatility of the net income. The manager usually expects the company to continue its operations for a significantly longer period so as to increase their ultimate shareholder's wealth and the share price of the company. References Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R., Gaynor, M. (2012).Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science Business Media. Mitnick, B. M. (2015). Agency theory.Wiley E

Laura Purdy Essays - Fertility, Midwifery, Human Pregnancy

Laura Purdy In Laura Purdy's essay "Are Pregnant Women Fetal Containers?" the issue that is dealt with is the relationship between pregnant women and their unborn fetus. She feels that the woman's rights to her body should outweigh the rights of the fetus. She argues that pregnant woman are treated like second-class citizens in our society and that medical decisions are placed upon them that are not necessary and unjust. Purdy also discusses the role of the fetus, the moral duty of the mother, the bias against pregnant women in our justice system, and society's role in the double standard. Many people think that women have an obligation to give up their rights to their bodies when they become pregnant. Purdy says that this should not be because we have a moral obligation to people, who are dependent on us, but that a fetus is not a person, even though she realizes that the fetus is dependent on the mother. In order to support this Purdy draws a comparison between pregnancy and parenthood, "...If parents are not required to submit to bodily invasions to save a dying child, then a woman should not be expected to do so for the benefit of a fetus; the converse is also true" (p 74). According to Purdy, the medical community has adopted a philosophy that focuses on a worst case scenario; mostly uncertain situations without proper probable cause. They focus on fetal death or damage rather than anything else, including the mother's life. Pregnant women are subject to forced Caesarians, forced prenatal or drug treatment and invasive surgery; all without consent. This philosophy leads Purdy to the conclusion that pregnant women are second-class citizens by comparing their court judgements in medical cases to that of judgements in cases of the unconscious, criminals, and individuals with mental problems. She says that the cases of the latter require more proof and take a lot longer to decide then medical cases of pregnant women. She says that the unconscious, criminals, and the mentally disabled have more safeguards protecting them than women do. Society throws in many factors into the treatment of expectant mothers. The issues of the availability of adequate health care to poverty stricken woman, the decision some women must make because of hazards at their workplace and environmental issues such as smoking, drinking, and drugs put women in a no win situation. Purdy best sums up her view on health care in two statements, "Until we as a society act to make good, inexpensive, convenient, and respectful care a priority, punishing women for lack of prenatal care reeks of hypocrisy." (P 76) and "...Invading women's bodies to impose last minute, heroic care is stupid, mean, and unfair." (P 76). Society is also partly to blame for the lack of laws that would eliminate some toxins from workplaces that women of childbearing age could be exposed to. The choice of whether to keep a good job or have children is sometimes not an option for some families. This brings in a double standard for women too because men are not asked to sacrifice their jobs for the sake of their sperm. Drugs, smoking, and drinking are the main point of Purdy's last statements against our society. She asks instead of punishing women for being addicted to a substance, why are we not asking how they got there to begin with? Purdy points out that the treatment needed to rid some mothers of addiction can take up to six months just to get in and at that point there is probably serious damage already done. Her solution is to put in place more socials programs to keep people from turning to drugs in the first place. Purdy concludes that we need a more caring society to deal with this difficult relationship between the mother and her fetus. Every point in our society is unjust to pregnant women, our justice system, our workplaces, our medical community, and the community at large who treat expectant mothers differently. Her point is that they should not be treated such, that their body is their responsibility and that people should not interfere.

Honda Automobile Manufacturer

Honda Automobile Manufacturer Introduction Value chain in a company consists of activities that aim to take in inputs and convert them into outputs that are of high quality in order to cater for the needs of the end consumer. Value chain activities are important to an organization because they add value and quality to the end product so that a consumer can use the good/service and obtain satisfaction (Kourdi 2009, 133).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Honda Automobile Manufacturer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Value chain activities are often conducted by numerous departments which all work together to produce quality products and services. Some of the departments that work together in order to add value to raw materials/goods as they move down the industry value chain include; the exploration department, manufacturing department, inbound and outbound distribution department, sales and marketing department, after sales department and the admin istration department (Worthington Britton 2009, 45-50). The need for creating value along the distribution chain has forced supply chain management managers to integrate planning and use proper strategies to ensure that raw materials, work in progress and finished goods reach where they are needed at the right time and in good quality (Wisner et al 2008, 22). Additionally, supply chain experts need to develop contingent strategies and tactics that will alow their distribution networks obtain high degrees of flexibility as goods move either forward or backwards. The company The Automobile Industry is a good example of an industry that uses supply chain management activities to add value to vehicles and automobile parts and come up with a diversified range of products that can be used by various consumers in a wide range of industries (na, 2011). The level of investment and capital required to run activities in the automobile industry is quite high and it thus becomes necessary for c areful planning to be incorporated so that goods and services can flow from vendors, the factory floors where cars are assembled to automobile showrooms around the world. Honda is an Automobile manufacturing company that operates in over 150 countries and produces close to14 million internal combustible engines annually making it the world’s largest internal combustible engine manufacturer and motor cycle manufacturer. The company has been in existence for over 60 years and has built one of the largest global networks in the automobile industry and is now the worlds 6th largest automobile maker. The company currently has over 180,000 employees and made over $ 120billion in gross revenues in 2010, the company’s expansion and operations have been able to run smoothly due to the abundant assets and owners’ equity that the company has to finance it expansion activities (Andrew 2010, 91-94).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Structure of the Organization The company has its headquarters in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, which coordinates the company’s activities with its branches and car dealerships. The Headquarters serves as the central decision maker with all leader functional units being located in Tokyo. The company uses regional heads who are well experienced business executives to communicate the intentions of the corporate heads and coordinate all supply chain activities where the company has vested interests. These business executives then head all other regionalized functional units within their regions such as China, United States, Pakistan, Canada, England, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, New Zealand, Indonesia, India, Thailand, and Turkey. Figure 1 Typical example of supply chain activities within the automobile industry. Vision, Mission Strategic objectives Vision Honda plans to being the most respected, responsible and be st performing among automobile manufacturers in the world by building vehicles and engines that are highly reliable and of high quality. Honda further aims to produce highly efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly automobiles and engines. Honda desires to become the most recognized automobile company that will not only become competitive but also a successful force for progress within the automobile industry. Honda’s mission is to fundamentally make a difference in the world and especially the Automobile industry. Mission Honda has defined its mission as an organization which intends to operate from a global viewpoint. Honda is dedicated to supply products of the best quality, yet at a sensible price globally to satisfy all of its clients. Hondas mission is to build good reliable automobiles that will be used across the world to meet consumer needs and initiate satisfaction (Worthington Britton 2009, 77).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hon da Automobile Manufacturer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company maintains that in order to produce high quality and dependable motor vehicles the company must always advance with ambition and youthfulness, value sound theory and continuously build up fresh ideas (Taylor 2008). Strategic objective Honda believes that in its day to day operation it will incorporate strategies and tactics which will ensure the company is Performance Driven because this fact will ensure that the company will fulfill its promises through continuous improvement in the use of more safer, dependable operations within the automobile industry that will develop superb vehicles and engines. Success of the organization The last decade has seen Honda grow from an average automobile manufacturer to a respected one. The acquisition of a good corporate leader and strategic reliance has seen the company overtake Nissan to become the 2nd largest manufacturer in Japan a nd overtake Chrysler to become the world’s 6th largest manufacturer worldwide. The company through its Acura brand, which is considered a very good luxury car model the company has penetrated the American market and is a successful brand in North America. The company has also expanded its business and entered into the Aero engine industry making it a more attractive company worldwide, increasing its marketing share, revenues, profits and improved the company image worldwide (Mohamad 66-71). PESTEL analysis Political-legal Analysis The largest markets of Honda are in Japan, North America and Europe they are considered politically stable and the fact that Japan is among the G8, has paved way for the penetration of Japanese products into these markets due to good political relationships between Japan and the governments of these regions (Allison Kaye 2005, 133-140). The good political relationship between Japan and these countries has created less legal hurdles in the path of H onda. Social-Economic analysis The success of Honda can be attributed to the fact that the company creates luxury vehicles that target mostly developed countries and regions such as Europe and North America. These regions are known to be economically stable. Also the citizens have high disposable income and good family structure that is favorable to Honda as an automobile manufacturer. Technological environment Japan is one of the most advanced countries in terms of technology enabling the country increase output and produce products that are highly dependable and of high quality. Project management and operations management technology from Japan is a key component that has lead to success of Honda in the Automobile industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competitive intensity Threat of new entrants Barriers are placed by existing companies and regulatory authorities to prevent new entrants from making abnormal profit flows for existing companies some of the threats include government policies, exploiting cost advantages, access to distribution and capital requirements. In this case, the Automobile industry is known to be very capital-intensive since acquisition assembly plants and equipment can be very expensive. Intensity of competitive rivalry among existing firms firms within the same industry always compete for the available market share either through powerful competitive strategies, innovation, structure of industry costs, switching costs or degree of product differentiation and so on. There are many car manufacturers worldwide thus increasing the level of competition in the industry. Threat of substitute products or services consumers opt to go for substitute products if quality is better, price is relatively better or the cost of switching is favorable. There are relatively fairly many substitutes for motor vehicles except for motor cycles, airplanes, trains and Ships. This therefore means that the Automobile industry becomes more competitive for Honda. The bargaining power of customers the bargaining power of buyers depends on the number of buyers within the industry who purchase from the available suppliers, differentiation of products, and the profit margin of buyers especially if they are resellers, switching costs that are associated with switching brands and the importance quality and service to the buyers. Currently, there are very many brands of automobiles thus increasing bargaining power of buyers and increasing the intensity of competition. The bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers who provide raw material can determine the profitability and viability of an industry by setting prices of implements which in turn affect the profit margins. The concentration and number of suppliers affec t their bargaining power, the importance of the industry to them, the ability of suppliers to integrate forward and the role of quality and service in the industry, but the ability of Honda to produce some of its raw materials increases its competitive advantage (Stadtler 2008, 74). SWOT analysis Strength Honda has a considerably good corporate culture; a culture of quality, reliability and innovation that has enabled it to become a global manufacturer of automobiles. The company also has good leadership structures and leadership that is capable of steering the company into the future. The availability of adequate resources has also contributed to growth and expansion (Kourdi 2009, 66).  Honda has one of the most sophisticated internal combustible engine technologies in the world. The company has the capacity of building over 14 million engines annually, which is way above many manufacturers in the industry. Thus, it can produce and deliver many automobiles giving it an advantage over other companies which cannot match up and do the same (Douglas 2008, 146). Not only can Honda produce many engines but the company also has a well developed quality control system that has enabled it rise the levels of quality within the company’s products. Weaknesses Although the company has adequate resources, its resource base is not enough to compete with the likes of Toyota, Volkswagen and General Motors and this limits Honda’s ability to compete equally within the industry. Due to the capital intensive nature of this industry companies like Toyota have been able to pursue their expansion strategy more effectively (Wheelen Hunger 88). Opportunity The company is yet to penetrate the Asian market especially India and China but through mergers and strategic alliances, the company can double its sales in Asia and boost its position in the global Automobile market (Wheelen Hunger 2002, 61-62). Threats More established automobile makers like Toyota, Volkswagen an d General Motors are more likely to react to the actions and recent success of Honda and develop strategies that may hinder or affect Honda’s business. Thus, it is necessary that the company undertakes continuous research to improve their business (Michael 81-83). Key Drivers for change The competitive nature of the industry can be used by the management as the key driver of change; this is because when other competitors decide to take on Honda it will require the company also to retaliate by intensifying competition. Parameters such as sales, market share and company image can be used by management as key performance indicators that may be of use to detect if changes are needed (Kourdi 2009, 216). Conclusion Consumers and buyers today purchase value and attributes of products and therefore it is necessary that all activities of the integrated supply chain industry be geared towards increasing value for the resellers and end consumers. Honda being the 6th world’s large st Automobile manufacturer has a long way to go if the company is to realize its vision. Thus, it is necessary for the company to continuously improve the functions of each functional department in order to satisfy its customers and have a sustainable business. References Allison, M. Kaye, J., 2005. Simplified strategic planning: a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast. Worcester, MA: Chandler House Press. Andrew, H., 2010. The definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Douglas, L., 2008. Supply chain management: processes, partnerships, performance. New York: Supply Chain Management Inst. Kourdi, J., 2009. Business Strategy: A Guide to Effective Decision Making, 2 editions. New York: Economist books. Michael, P., 1990. The competitive Advantage of Nations. Northampton, MA: The Free Press. Mohamad, J., 2009. Inventory Management: Non classical views. Florida: CRC Press. Na, 2011. Honda Worldwide, History. Honda. Retriev ed from www.World.honda.com Stadtler, H., 2008. Supply chain management and advanced planning: Concepts, models, software, and case studies. New York: FastBook Publishing. Taylor, A., 7 March 2008. Americas Most Admired Companies: Honda. CNNMoney.com. retrieved from www.CNNMoney.com Wheelen, T. Hunger, D., 2002. Strategic management and business policy. New Jersey: Prentice hall. 2002. Print Wisner, J. et al, 2008. Principles of Supply Chain Management. New York: Cengage learning. Worthington, I. Britton, C., 2009. Business environment, 6th edition. Melbourne: Pearson Education.

How to Use Hyphens Correctly in Business Grammar

How to Use Hyphens Correctly in Business Grammar Louise Julig wrote a wonderful post about hyphens in her Thoughts Happen blog. Business writing requires correct hyphenation. It’s both clarifying and funny. She wore a purple wrist band to remind her of her pledge not to complain. The problem? The bracelet omitted a needed hyphen, prompting Louise’s grammar complaint: Argh! I just can’t stand it anymore! I’ve been doing this purple-bracelet â€Å"stop complaining† exercise for almost three weeks now (and am on my record 5th day of not complaining) but I can’t hold it in any longer because every time I look at the half inch of rubber encircling my wrist I want to gouge a little hyphen between â€Å"Complaint† and â€Å"Free.† It’s â€Å"A Complaint-Free World,† people, not â€Å"A Complaint Free World†! Oh the irony of complaining about the â€Å"complaint free† bracelet. But really! Hyphens are very complicated. I agree with Grammar Girl’s recommendation to check a dictionary and style guide when possible. When it’s not, fall back on this baseline rule: Hyphenate compound modifiers when they come before a noun, and don’t hyphenate them when they come after a noun. Louise illustrated this rule nicely: Why is this? Here’s my best explanation: hyphens group modifiers together for clarity. Say you have a red brick house. Is it a red house? Yes. Is it a brick house? Yes. Therefore, no hyphen is needed. However, what if you have a â€Å"gluten free recipe.† Is it a gluten recipe? No. Is it a free recipe? No. Therefore, a hyphen is needed to group the modifiers together so you know the recipe has no gluten. It’s a gluten-free recipe. Why then do you not hyphenate after the noun, e.g. â€Å"the recipe is gluten free†? The temptation is to throw in extra hyphens just in case, e.g. â€Å"the recipe is gluten-free.† But it’s just as bad to over-hyphenate as to under-hyphenate, and it really isn’t necessary. Here’s why: when the modifier comes after the noun, it’s only modifying the one word immediately after it. So we ask ourselves, â€Å"What kind of ‘free’ is it?† and the answer is â€Å"gluten.† It’s gluten free. Louise, thanks so much for breaking your complaint-free pledge to clarify this! I say you should gouge that little hyphen into your bracelet, and wear it proudly!

Assessment of organization culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assessment of organization culture - Essay Example Thus, in the organization there is a powerful force that determines individual and group behavior of the personnel. Risk taking or innovation is a controversial issue for the companies and the resolution depends on people’s perception (Ben 2015). McDonald’s is oriented on external innovation and it is a client-oriented company. Thus all the innovations are made if clients demand them. The technological and menu innovations affect the work of personnel, which should be always ready for the new and sustainable to stress. However, the principles set by the founder of the company are still thoroughly followed (McDonald’s — Company Overview). Attention to details is a criterion that evaluates how employees are accurate in their work. McDonald’s pays much attention to this aspect of the organization culture, because it is extremely important. Therefore McDonalds’s is focused on this cultural aspect and employees’ performance is mainly examined for their attention to the detail in their work. Accuracy and precision in work is core characteristic of this organization. This characteristic of the organization demonstrates how the employees in organization are result-oriented and focused on the achievements. McDonald’s is a highly result-oriented organization, which measures employees’ performance by the targets the company has achieved People play a very important role in the technology of McDonald’s as a computer, or information system can’t work as quickly as a brain of a person. The majority of information in the kitchen of McDonalds is transferred by people, and computers only provide some help, because data should be transferred very quickly. This aspect refers to organizational culture where activities are organized around team rather than individuals (Ben 2015). The work of McDonald’s is posible only in team, every employee is a part of this team and has his own role. Aggressiveness is

MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE - Essay Example Nurse Rachett is an experienced intensive care nurse, therefore any decision she makes concerning the treatment offered in the intensive care unit is justified. However, Nurse Rachett is not a surgeon and could not make any decision concerning the operation and the breathing device without consultation from Dr. Kildare was not appropriate. The attempt to clear the breathing device while she was supposed to summon Dr. Kildare as directed is a medical negligence because Rameez ended up dead. Therefore there is a medical negligence on the part of Nurse Rachett. Rameez was forced through emergency to have surgery performed by Dr. Kildare; however, Rameez could expect the specialist surgeon’s degree of skill because Dr. Kildare was a specialist. In the intensive care, Nurse Rachett is mentioned as an experienced intensive care nurse; therefore Rameez expected and deserved an expert service. Rameez died out of the negligence of Nurse Rachett because she failed to summon Dr. Kildare, may be Rameez would have recovered if Dr. Kildare was summoned to clear the breathing device. Just like the motorists owe a duty of reasonable care to other road users, Lister N.H.S. hospital and its medical staff also owe to Rameez duty to care for his well being and safety. Breach of such duty may result into claims for succeeding damages. However, a difference exists between these two parties is that while majority of people, as a matter of common sense can decide on circumstances where motorists ride carelessly, most of medical treatments entail highly technical and specialized skills. For instance, the insertion of breathing device and decision to carry out an operation on Rameez required specialized and technical skills. If executors of Rameez decide to file a suit, then according to Tom (2005), a court of law will have to get more evidence from other medical specialists on the usual safeguards and correct procedures observed in specific medical treatments before making any d ecision on the damage caused as a result of negligence. Lister N.H.S. hospital was responsible for protecting Rameez from harm and to offer acceptable level of care. As Rameez’s executors, they are entitled to file a complaint if Rameez never received reasonable care and standards as this amounts to breach of duty of care owed to Rameez. Whenever there is breach to this duty of care, a medical negligence is usually committed by health professional. Doctors are responsible for ensuring that patient understands all risks associated with treatments so as they can provide an informed consent. Failure of which there is claim for medical negligence can be pursued. The case of Rameez amounts to medical negligence because Nurse Rachett failed to summon Dr. Kildare and hence did not provide reasonable care to Rameez which resulted into his death. According to Tom (2005), in order to claim this negligence in the part of a health professional (Dr. Kildare and Nurse Rachett), the plainti ff (Rameez) and his executors must prove the following: That duty to care was owed to the patient: legal duty for care exists any time health care provider or hospital takes care of the patient’s treatment. That duty to care was breached: the health professional failed to conform to and/ or provide acceptable standards of care That breach of duty for care caused harm or injury to the patient: the breach of duty for care is the proximate cause of injury or harm suffered by the patient That patient actually suffered a loss or damage: without

The factors affecting the rate of infiltration Essay Example for Free

The factors affecting the rate of infiltration Essay Method: the 2 sets of data are first rank so that the highest value has the highest rank, the difference between the 2 ranks for each location is then calculated. This refers to the letter d in the above equation. The letter n refers to the number of pairs of data points. The values are the entered in to the formulae to give the rs value. Below are the tables of calculations used to create the rs values for graphs 2 and 3. Analysis of graph 2 Soil compaction Rank A Rate of infiltration mm/min Rank B d Number of pairs of data 12 rs -0. 66084 Analysis of graph 3 Soil compaction Rank A Rate of infiltration mm/min Rank Number of pairs of data rs -0. 71429 Graph 2 creates a value of -0. 66084 which shows that there is a definite negative correlation between the rate of infiltration and the level of soil compaction. When this is compared to table 4 it gives a significance of 0. 025, which means there is a 2. 5% chance that the results were generated by chance. Graph 3 gave an rs value of -0. 71429 again showing that there is a negative correlation between infiltration and the % vegetation. The higher number shows that the correlation is stronger and the graph more closely follows a straight line. When referred to table 4 it gives a significance value of 0. 05 showing that there was a 5% chance that it was generated by chance. Table 3 shows the level of infiltration sorted in ascending order and allows the comparison of different factors to be made. % Ground cover by vegetation No of species Vegetation height cm Soil compaction Rate of infiltration mm/min Location 6, Dirt track frequently used by heavy machinery resulting in a heavily compacted soil with a loose covering of sand. 0Location 12, Permanent grass pasture grazed in summer months located on flood plains. Soil was wet and had and sticky. Location 2, Permanent pasture which has been grazed over the winter resulting in heavy trampling,   Location 9, Grassland for 2 years previous use was arable. 95 Location 10, 10 years set aside, ground was observed to have higher water content.   Location 5, Winter barley, prior land use was arable.   Location 8, 1 year set aside, prior use was arable. Location 4, Spring barley, prior usage was arable. 35 1 5 4 12 Location 7, Land recently ploughed, prior use was arable. 5 Location 11, Deciduous woodland. Location 3, Potato seedbed, field recently tilled, very soft ground, prior usage was arable. Table 3 Conclusion The most significant factor that affects the rate of infiltration is the level of soil compaction. Vegetation plays some role but it is difficult to differentiate between varying vegetation rates and soil compaction as the soil compaction is related to the vegetation that has been planted. From graph 2 it is clear that the level of soil compaction affects the rate of infiltration and the use of the land is the major factor affecting the level of compaction. The graph also shows 2 anomalies where the rate of infiltration is low while the soil compaction is high. This can be explained because the areas where these were taken were the marshland and the long term set aside. The marsh land was expected to have a low rate of infiltration because of the deposition of clays and silts by flooding have created a soil which has a greater % of clay and silt which reduces the spaces between soil particle which lowers the rate at which water can infiltrate the soil. It was also observed that the ground had a higher water content, which also reduces the rate of infiltration. The area of 10 year set aside was also noted to have higher water content. The reason for this is not so apparent but it could be related to a possible greater depth of an organic layer, which may help to retain water and slow the rate of infiltration. The graph did follow the hypothesis that was made. Graph 3 however did not follow the hypothesis that vegetation would increase the rate of infiltration. It in fact was the opposite of this. There are a few explanations for this, the increase in vegetation cover and therefore density of a root system would result in a laver of vegetation that would create a barrier impeded the rate of infiltration or the vegetation cover is linked to the level of compaction as areas of low vegetation levels have been tilled most recently and therefore there has been less time for compaction to occur or the vegetation could be responsible for drying out the soil leading to compaction. There had been very little rain in the past weeks, which could have lead to the formation f a hardened and impermeable crust. Table 3 shows the ranked data and from that it can be observed that there are no apparent trends between the number of species present or vegetation height and the rate of infiltration. The locations with the highest rates of infiltration were the potato ground followed by the woodland then the ploughed area. The potato ground has the highest rate because it is heavy cultivated to create a very loose soil structure for potatoes to grow in the high rate of infiltration would help to explain why it is necessary to frequently irrigate this land to maintain potato growth. The woodland has a high infiltration rate because there is a significant layer of loose litter and there is little compaction because no vehicles use this area. The areas of lowest infiltration were the marshland because of the increase in clay and the track because of the extreme level of compaction by tractors. This explains why erosion is significant in such areas because there is little or no infiltration resulting in a great deal of runoff. Evaluation The spearman statistical analysis shows that the results that were achieved had a reasonable significance level and it is unlikely that they were generated by chance. The determination of the rate of infiltration was accurate but the level of compaction was highly subjective and produced only an estimate. There are several other factors, which could be investigated in order to extend this investigation. These could concentrate on the soil structure and profile. This would require the drilling of core samples. the amount of water and organic matter could be investigated with the help of a laboratory. The investigation could also be extended to other farms to show the different affect on different soil and bedrock types. The effect of recent rainfall could also be investigated. Bibliography Geography for AS, By Clive Hart, 2000 Geography An Integrated Approach, David Waugh, 1990 Problem Solving Geography, Normam Law, David Smith, 1993 www. google. co. uk www. multimap. co. uk, aerial photos and Os maps http://www. nkw. ac. uk/bgs/w3/cust/images/map_50k_s. gif geological maps.

Genetic Enigneering Is Morally Wrong :: Genetic Reseach Manipulation

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genetic engineering has been one of the most controversial ethical issues since 1997; when Dolly, the first successfully cloned sheep, was announced. Dolly has redefined the meaning of â€Å"identical twin†; not only does she look exactly like her mother she also has the same genetic make up. This experiment was not only impossible but unthinkable. Yet, Dr. Ian Wilmut revealed Dolly on February 23, 1997, at seven months old ( Travis 1). On the surface genetic engineering may appear to be the solution to all of society’s ills and the worlds problems. In all actuality it may have tremendous and unknown side effects. The issues that surround genetic engineering undoubtedly make it immoral and ethically wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genetic Engineering as defined by Susan A. Hagedorn is:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The manipulation of an organism’s genetic endowment by introducing or  eliminating genes through modern molecular biology techniques. A broad   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  definition of genetic engineering also includes selective breeding and other means   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of artificial selection ( â€Å"Genetic Engineering† 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After hearing of the â€Å"creation† of Dolly Americans soon learned the harsh fact surrounding her creation. Dr. Wilmut’s success was accompanied by 276 failures. This success rate is no where near clinically acceptable. To start the developing of the eggs they were shocked with electric pulses; twenty nine of the 277 of these eggs began to divide. The eggs, at that point were implanted into adult female sheep; thirteen of which became pregnant, and only the one of 277 eggs were born - Dolly ( Wilmut 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long term prospects of mammal cloning remain in question. this is no where near clinically acceptable for experimentation on humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the months following the news of Dolly, President Clinton requested, â€Å" a through review of the legal and ethical issues associated with the use of this technology... with recommendations on possible federal actions to prevent its abuse† (Shermer 1). The answer is clear-- there is no safe place to draw the line on when genetic engineering is acceptable and is not. Governments can not say that the uses are strictly limited to curing disease because then there becomes a question of what is a genetic disease. For example, we may feel comfortable defining a mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene as causing disease if it leads to chronic respiratory infections from birth to death at the age of twenty five. However a different mutations in the same gene might caused little or no problem is this also cystic fibrosis? Genetic Enigneering Is Morally Wrong :: Genetic Reseach Manipulation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genetic engineering has been one of the most controversial ethical issues since 1997; when Dolly, the first successfully cloned sheep, was announced. Dolly has redefined the meaning of â€Å"identical twin†; not only does she look exactly like her mother she also has the same genetic make up. This experiment was not only impossible but unthinkable. Yet, Dr. Ian Wilmut revealed Dolly on February 23, 1997, at seven months old ( Travis 1). On the surface genetic engineering may appear to be the solution to all of society’s ills and the worlds problems. In all actuality it may have tremendous and unknown side effects. The issues that surround genetic engineering undoubtedly make it immoral and ethically wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genetic Engineering as defined by Susan A. Hagedorn is:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The manipulation of an organism’s genetic endowment by introducing or  eliminating genes through modern molecular biology techniques. A broad   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  definition of genetic engineering also includes selective breeding and other means   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of artificial selection ( â€Å"Genetic Engineering† 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After hearing of the â€Å"creation† of Dolly Americans soon learned the harsh fact surrounding her creation. Dr. Wilmut’s success was accompanied by 276 failures. This success rate is no where near clinically acceptable. To start the developing of the eggs they were shocked with electric pulses; twenty nine of the 277 of these eggs began to divide. The eggs, at that point were implanted into adult female sheep; thirteen of which became pregnant, and only the one of 277 eggs were born - Dolly ( Wilmut 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long term prospects of mammal cloning remain in question. this is no where near clinically acceptable for experimentation on humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the months following the news of Dolly, President Clinton requested, â€Å" a through review of the legal and ethical issues associated with the use of this technology... with recommendations on possible federal actions to prevent its abuse† (Shermer 1). The answer is clear-- there is no safe place to draw the line on when genetic engineering is acceptable and is not. Governments can not say that the uses are strictly limited to curing disease because then there becomes a question of what is a genetic disease. For example, we may feel comfortable defining a mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene as causing disease if it leads to chronic respiratory infections from birth to death at the age of twenty five. However a different mutations in the same gene might caused little or no problem is this also cystic fibrosis?

Pennsylvania Organization Essay

The overall initiative to increase equity and funding in public educational institutions in Pennsylvania brought about the creation of the Good Schools Pennsylvania Organization (GSP). Since its creation, the organization has undergone many changes and lobbied for the creation of an environment wherein important actors and legislation coincides with the needs of the growing student population. These struggles brought about new trends wherein it both opened up avenues for change to occur and encourage new parameters wherein goals and objectives are integrated with mandated standards. Recognizing the relevant contribution that GSP has done to the citizenry and target group, this proposal aims to increasingly widen the capability of the organization to address student needs. The prescribed programs for 2010 under three (3) categories seeks to intensify the approach wherein it both looks into the possibilities and scenarios that may happen during that time and appropriating the needed strategies that can intensify the needed outcomes for change. Likewise, by allowing these diverse program alternatives, it seeks to compensate the loopholes that may be associated in the process of planning, implementation and facilitation. At the same time, these proposals take into consideration the needs of all relevant actors who serve as potential members and benefactors in the success of the initiatives of GSP. By taking into account the relevance of these people, GSP can increase its arm in reaching out and fostering the commitment towards community building and empowerment. Such ideals clearly allows each parties to recognize their individual capabilities in the process of participation With all of these, the organizers seek to intensify the efforts given by GSP. It is in this light that the organization can remain committed in addressing the increasing challenges and trends of 21st century education. I. Introduction and Background The pursuit for creating an environment for equal opportunities among students via appropriate delegation and funding has been the integral foundation for the creation of the Good Schools Pennsylvania. Since its inception in 2001, the organization has continued to recognize the needs of students by making sure students in the district get the sufficient and quality education needed to help them combat the trends of today’s society (Good Schools Pennsylvania, 2008). These efforts have paved the way for new alternatives in addressing public education and opened up arenas for every actor in the community to take part in the process of collaboration and change. Looking at it, the initiative of Good Schools Pennsylvania GSP can be described in one sentence. It involves seeking new ways wherein legislators provide equitable funding in public education to ensure that students get the quality of education they need and foster increased accountability and responsibility among actors involved in the process (Good Schools Pennsylvania, 2008). With these renewed interest in seeking outcomes for development in budget appropriation and education, it has opened up the door for greater cooperation among the state and the integration of vibrant members who have paved the way for the organization’s growth. Dwelling further, the role of the GSP is to encourage organizers to come up with new approaches that can motivate different sectors of society to come up and take the stand towards achieving equal education for all. Good Schools Pennsylvania argues that â€Å"among the constituents who have stood with us are students and retirees, clergy and lay leaders, parents and teachers, school board members and superintendents, and business and civic leaders† (p. 1). With these continuing initiatives to seek out new members who are committed towards changing the level of education of Pennsylvania, the GSP has been vibrant in addressing the needs of public education in the community. Realizing these relevant objectives of the organization, it greatly coincides with our purpose to find alternatives that can strengthen and improve the capability of GSP to facilitate and clamor for new ways to increase accountability and equity in public education. By elaborating on several new strategies and outlining them in three possible scenarios, our group can maximize the potential of GSP and implement the new ideas that can expand the scope of practice, intensify efforts for commitment, and be adaptive to the state’s current trends. II. Research For the initiative in 2010 to be completely realized, it is essential that the organizers understand and comprehend the developments happening within the GSP. Under this facet, we need to know the truths surrounding education and the current legislation that outlines public education funding. This is relevant because it helps us integrate new policies in-line with specific standards and objectives mandated by law. Another significant element that needs to be considered is the cost of study in Pennsylvania. Its importance revolves around the capability to make budget estimates in proposed initiatives to actively create adequate funding to support and help students in public education. Lastly, there needs to be an understanding on what programs are in place that the GSP provides the citizenry. By synthesizing these programs, it can create an active environment wherein it can be changed, renewed or developed to suite the needs of members, potential members and target contributors. Dwelling into the first facet, it can be seen that Pennsylvania has undergone several legislative changes that had improved the way budget is allocated. This has been brought about by the realities and scenarios that public education has faced in the region. Good Schools Pennsylvania argues that in â€Å"2005, nearly 50 percent of Pennsylvania’s eleventh graders scored below proficient in math and 35 percent of eleventh grade students scored below proficient in reading on the state’s standardized tests† (p. 2) At the same time, there has been disparities in the way schools have been addressing the way they had adhered to the objectives mandated by NCLB of 2001. Likewise, these statistics also denote increased risk among students of getting pregnant, imprisoned or engaging into substance abuse (Good Schools Pennsylvania, 2006). In response to this, the government has adopted several policies and amendments that sought to address these realities. For example, in 2004, Governor Rendell â€Å"appropriated funding for the first time to support early childhood education – both through the first ever state funding to expand the General Head Start pre-kindergarten program, and through an Accountability Block Grant Program that allowed school districts to target money to educational practices with a huge track record of helping students to achieve academic standards† (p. 3). This has been considered a first step towards realizing the states role in pursuing public education that is equitable and responsible in nature. Another significant change was made in 2006 when a formal budget was introduced and implemented together with a defining the cost associated with public education. Good Schools Pennsylvania mentions that the â€Å"2006-2007 budget includes a first-time appropriation of $650,000 to fund a comprehensive study of the educational resources and associated costs of providing each student an education that is line with academic standards† (p. 3). These have been significant because it can address an equal measurement of how much student needs in order to actively achieve education under mandated standards. Operating on the second element, it is crucial to decipher the numbers associated with public education because it can determine the budget that shall be allocated per district depending on the ratio and student population within a specific area. Looking at the current research, considerable development has been seen in determining the costing-out study of Pennsylvanian students. Good Schools Pennsylvania mentions that â€Å"by understanding these costs the state can adjust its funding system to close the gap between high-spending and low-spending school districts† (p. 1). Upon careful consideration and research, it sees that for a student to actively achieve the given state standards, an average amount of $11, 926 must be provided (Good Schools Pennsylvania, 2007). This formula has been instrumental in determining the appropriation needed to sustain the further needs of students. Lastly, looking at the projects GSP is engaged in, it can be argued that they comprise of different models geared towards addressing the needs of its target audiences. These initiatives center on (1) engaging into legislative awareness and debate, (2) fostering community involvement, and (3) speaking out in different ways possible (Good Schools Pennsylvania, 2007). These three main facets cover a myriad of initiatives and programs that outlines the significant arenas wherein each actor can actively take part. By allowing and integrating these diverse ways of addressing the issue of public education and funding, each one can contribute and provide help in each ones capacity. Seeing all these facets, the development of 2010 programs revolve around intensifying on these three relevant ideas. Though these findings have been supplemental in carrying out objectives in the previous years, it is also necessary that further studies be conducted on these issues. This is relevant because it can seek to determine the potential challenges that public education may face amidst these new developments. For example, the formula for computing the cost of student may change over a period of a year for it is dependent on factors such as inflation, increasing expenditures, and other elements that are relevant to its computation. That is why further research on these topics remains to be an important concern to consider. III. Opposition Research It can be seen that the GSP has made significant progress since its inception in creating the consensus about creating drastic changes in the legislative level as far as addressing public education is concerned. Though this may prove to be a valid analysis, there are still setbacks that continue to hinder the organization from functioning according to its prescribed goals and objectives. Seeing this, it is essential that the organization recognize its shortcomings and try to incorporate new methods to increase the possibility of adapting to the trends of 21st century education. Looking at one institutional obstacle that hinders its capabilities is the presence of other organizations that have the same objectives and purpose. Though at a glance this may seem to be rather significant in further elaborating the needs of public education in Pennsylvania, it also denotes the limited functions associated with GSP. Being unable to synchronize its relevant goals and actions towards its counterparts would mean alienating itself with the potential of further collaboration and cooperation. Examples of these institutions that cater the same agenda as the GSP include: Education Law Center and ACCESS. These institutions in turn have overlapping objectives and ideals that are similar and related to the standpoint of GSP. Another setback that is relevant in the GSP is its dependency on contributors and benefactors. Even if its members had shown significant improvement and effort through the years in gaining potential donors, it cannot guarantee its existence primarily on this. They must have a significant support and foundation that will make them adaptable even in times of little contribution or monetary support. By allowing this scenario to occur, they shall not solely depend on these contributions but can continue to develop on new ways in continuing to promote its specific goals and objectives. Recognizing the setback in the previous section, it can be also observed that GSP is also susceptible to economic downturns. Since its continued existence revolved around contributions among benefactors, having a slow economy can slow and hamper its capability of recognizing its objectives. Seeing this, the organization has to constantly double its efforts and adapt new strategies that can intensify and implement new approaches for change. Similarly, during these periods of slowdown, the organization refocuses its approach and center on programs that creates limited budget but with increasing results. Such case only results in a limited scope in both application and practice. IV. Our Plan After reviewing the relevant history and studies associated with GSP, it is now relevant to point out and outline the scope and objectives for the plan in 2010. Among the core elements of this proposal is to (1) Effectively get our message out to prospective and current members as well as potential contributors in the community, (2) facilitate active communication among different parties and (3) Intensify the efforts brought about by the Who-Ville Presentation. These three objectives can be recognized and incorporated by including them within the scope and parameters of each specified initiative. Under these specific objectives, the proposal shall outline detailed ways wherein these approaches can be realized and achieved. In the first objective, it seeks to cater on ways wherein advertising can be made and integrating the cause and how it can contribute to the needs of the organization. While on the second facet, it outlines the communicative patterns that can maximize the potential of each project and provides new approaches that can realize the specified goals and objectives. The last part deals with seeking new opportunities that will further recognize the contribution of Who-Vile in addressing the needs of today’s public education as well as the tenets promoted by GSP. With these objectives in place, the next part involves pointing out several programs that can be applied in the year 2010. Under this framework, three proposals shall be given and denoted by the current trends present in the target year. These include (1) period of net gain, (2) period of stasis, and (3) period of net loss. The formation of these three initiatives is one important aspect to make the program feasible in any scenario that the state may face during the prescribed year. At the same time, it moves to adapt to the existing trends that may come along in the selected time frame. The formulation of these three facets can minimize the setbacks that may be incurred in the timeline provided. Good School Pennsylvania (GSP) is a non-profit organization that is based upon membership as well as the employment of competent personnel that fit the requirements of the specific position of the job that they are looking for. In relation to this, GSP is also regarded as a grassroots campaign that is affiliated with other non-governmental organizations such as: the Public Education Network, the National Council of Churches, and the Children’s Defense Fund, and the Children’s Defense Fund. Even though GSP is not regarded as an organization that is solely based upon membership, this factor still plays an important role in its overall operation. The GSP has an active membership as they have devised many ways by which people all over the state could be able to participate in the attainment of the organizations objectives. Some of the means that the organization implemented in order to influence the people participate is by convincing to take action by writing to their legislators, speaking out through various mediums like essays and photo contest, and by connecting to their community that could help in furthering the cause of GSP (Good Schools Pennsylvania). Active membership in this organization involves helping in the offices throughout the state. GSP need active volunteers that would help them with mailings, database maintenance, and other administrative functions. In connection to these, the organization also benefit a lot from members that could help them in the next phase of their work, which involves sustaining and expanding the state policy reforms with regards to enhancing the quality and equality of education among the students in Pennsylvania. Furthermore, active members also entail aiding them in supporting the local stakeholders in making various schools accountable in the equal and effective distribution and utilization of resources (Good Schools Pennsylvania).

Conservative vs. Liberal

Conservative vs. Liberal Dimitri Khago PSY/201 Sunday, August 05, 2012 Mariah Degruy Conservatives vs. Liberals Not just as Americans but as human beings we all want the same basic things in our daily lives. We all seek freedom and yearn for prosperity. We all seek for what is fair in life and not just our lives separately, but the lives of our nation’s people. We want less people to suffer as much as possible, especially our children. We all seek the best for our health being. We all want a crime free nation and crime free streets in our communities.We all want a freedom to speak and voice our opinions; yet the one major key argument is how do we achieve all of these? With all that has been going on in our nation’s economy, we begin to analyze one of the very most important, yet controversial political issue that we are facing: Liberal or Conservative? Although we are united as a whole nation, but when concerning our nation’s political policies we are very much divided. Each of us has our own beliefs and our own opinion, but the beauty of this is that this is what makes this country.This belief was instilled in our bloods from the day this great nation was formed, by our political forefathers up until now. We sometimes call these beliefs Left or Right based on the political spectrum. The political spectrum We have learned to become conservative toward the nation, our nation’s people and our nation’s policies, as well as we have learned to become liberal toward the nation, our people and our nation’s policies. Which is right you might ask, that all depends on every individuals different view and opinion to do what is right and best for them?Conservatives and Liberals differ on what they believe is correct for the government. They seek different essential needs, different government program support, different social views, and very different economic views. As humans we all seek the same basic needs to live. These needs are Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of happiness a well-known phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. We all have the right to lead our own life in which we so choose. We all have the right to have our belief and make our own decisions and stand to our own judgments.The most important matter is that we have the right to do whatever it takes to make ourselves feel happy without harming anyone one stepping over the boundaries of others. In order to protect our individual human rights the bill of rights were established. These laws which allow the people the ability to live by these deserved rights as a human being are what distinguish us from a free person and one who is not free. If one is convicted of a felony these particular laws spoken of are no longer valid to them – the right to vote, the right to serve on a jury, and the right to bear arms are all void.Although some states are adjusting these laws to their own liking, you as a criminal are no longer privil eged to take part in these opportunities because of the crime committed, they are therefore taken away from you â€Å"†¦Other states may permanently ban felons from voting even after being released from prison, parole, and probation, and having paid all their fines. †(State Felon Voting Laws). There are many programs in which our government runs, and many of these programs are the split between the conservative or the liberal side.Liberals seem to view their government better as a larger government and support those programs which make this a reality. These include many programs, but one in particular is welfare. In the eyes of a liberal, this program is looked very highly upon. It helps those in need the ability to stand on their feet and not be out on the street. Although ideally this is a great help, but nowadays in our country, many people seem to take advantage of this opportunity and cheating the rest of society who need this help.With the educational program, a li beral supports not only public schools and a higher teacher salary, but also smaller classroom for the students. They support the idea that the classrooms should not be thirty-plus children, but also smaller more controlled environment† Vouchers take money away from public schools. † (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). Now if you were to ask a conservative about education, they believe in the art of competition â€Å"School vouchers create competition and therefore encourage schools to improve performance. (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). Schools should be all private so that they compete with lower costs and the parents have the opportunity to decide where they want their child to attend, and what kind of education they want for their child. Another program a conservative strongly believes in is canceling all the failed social support programs. Why should a country hold on to a program that is not helping anyone that is in need of the assistance, but financially supporting those well off, and are working and supporting their own families.Although being in the twenty-first century has expanded our view upon socialistic views, conservatives feel that we should not change our ruling on marriage and that it must stay traditional between a man and a woman. Since America was founded on grounds of religious freedom, and the Bible was and is our most highly looked upon views, conservatives feel that we shall stick to these traditional views and not support the idea of abortion or embryonic stem cell research.One must not abort a child, since that is the same as murder â€Å"Abortion is the murder of a human being. † (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). One must also not participate in stem cell research since that too is destroying a life. This is where the argument comes in on the Liberal side. Liberals believe it is not up to us to decide if marriage shall stay between a man and a woman, what is so wrong with a man and man marrying or a woman and woman?Since this country was found on the principles of freedom and the rights to make our own decisions, the personal lives of Americans shall not be dictated by the government because of what they think is right. It has not yet been proven that a fetus inside a woman is a child or a fetus. The argument remains that a child is only a child when it takes its first breath, or that a child is a child when it is conceived. Shouldn’t the mother decide if she wants to give birth to this fetus?She will be bearing all the pain, so it should be her right to decide â€Å"A woman has the right to decide what happens with her body. A fetus is not a human life, so it does not have separate individual rights. † (Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. ). Now if you can save a life wouldn’t you? If you aren’t hurting anyone or anything with embryonic stem cell research, then scientist should be able to harvest these stem cells to help a life â€Å"†¦Stem cell s derived from embryos in the very earliest stages of development; these cells have long been thought by scientists to have an xtraordinary potential for alleviating the suffering caused by conditions ranging from diabetes to Alzheimer's disease to spinal cord injury. † (Gold). Money is what runs the country, one thing these two political stances have in common are the want and need for more jobs. A conservative wants the federal government not to tax the rich as high and should spend so much less. These big businesses should get the tax breaks they want and deserve to increase and generate their revenue, so that they can stimulate and keep the economy stable and grow to be much stronger.Liberal’s on the other hand believe in quite opposite of the conservative behalf they believe that the rich should be taxed more than the poor since they can afford to pay a little extra money in order to have a greater government â€Å"The less government we have, the more liberty we have. † (Amy). They also approach with saying that these big businesses should be taxed more and pay a larger amount of income tax from their profits to help support and provide for Medi-Cal, Medic-Aid, and Welfare.In conclusion regardless on which of side of the political spectrum you stand with; either you are a conservative or a liberal, at the end you center all your opinions to your own political beliefs based on your own personal ethics. With all that has been going on in our nation’s economy, we begin to analyze one of the very most important, yet controversial political issue that we are facing: Liberal or Conservative? You must decide on your own what you feel the essential needs are, government program support, social support, or the economic support you feel your country shall provide you with.References Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs. (2005). Retrieved from http://www. studentnewsdaily. com/conservative-vs-liberal-beliefs/ State Felon Voting Laws. (2012). Retrieved from http://felonvoting. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=286 Amy, D. J. (2007). A Guide to Rebutting Right-Wing Criticisms of Government. Retrieved from http://www. governmentisgood. com/feature. php? fid=14 Gold, R. B. (2004). Embryonic Stem Cell Researchaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Old Controversy; New Debate. Retrieved from http://www. guttmacher. org/pubs/tgr/07/4/gr070404. html

Aids 2 essays

Aids 2 essays AIDS Related Stigma Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result, the social implications of the disease have been extended from those of other life threatening conditions to the point at which PLWAs are not only faced with a terminal illness but also social isolation and constant discrimination throughout society. Various explanations have been suggested as to the underlying causes of this stigmatization. Many studies point to the relationship the disease has with deviant behavior. Others suggest that fear of contagion is the actual culprit. Examining the existing literature and putting it into societal context leads one to believe that there is no one cause. Instead, there would appear to be a collection of associated factors that influence societys att itudes towards AIDS and PLWAs. As the number of people infected with HIV increases, social workers are and will be increasingly called upon to deal with and serve PLWAs. Although not all social workers chose to work with PLWAs, the escalating incidence of HIV infection is creating a situation in which sera positive people are and will be showing up more often in almost all areas of social work practice. This paper aims to examine AIDS related stigma and the stigmatization process, hopefully providing insights into countering the effects of stigma and perhaps the possibility of destigmatization. This is of particular pertinence to the field of social work due to our growing involvement with the HIV positive population. Association to Deviant/Marginal Behavior one of the most clearly and often identified causes of AIDS related stigma is its association to deviant behavior. The disease has had and still does have a strong associ...

How to Get a Job in College

How to Get a Job in College Knowing how to get a job in college can be challenging, especially if youre new on campus or youve never applied for an on-campus job before. And while each and every student worker plays an important role in helping make a college run better, there are definitely some jobs that are better than others. So how can you make sure that the job you get in college is a good one? Start Early There are undoubtedly other students, just like you, who want or need to get a job in college. Which means that there are lots of other people eager to apply for the job(s) you want to get, too. As soon as you know that you need or want to work during your time in school, start figuring out how and where to make the process happen. If at all possible, try to do some emailing or even applying before you officially arrive on campus for a new semester. Figure Out How Much Money You Want or Need to Make Before you start looking at listings, take a moment to sit down, make a budget, and figure out how much money you need or want to make from your on-campus job. Knowing the amount youll need to bring in each week will help you figure out what to look for. You may, for example, think the gig working at the theater is totally perfect, but if it only offers a few hours each weekend and you know youll need to work 10 hours a week, its no longer the perfect gig. Look at the Official Listings If youre applying for an on-campus job, chances are that all of the student jobs are posted in one central place, like the student employment or financial aid office. Head there first to avoid having to spend a ton of time trying to see if individual departments or offices are hiring. Dont Be Afraid to Ask Around and Network When people hear networking, they often think of schmoozing with people they dont really know at a cocktail party. But even on a college campus, its important to talk to people about what youd like in an on-campus job. Talk to your friends to see if they know of great places that are hiring or if theyve worked somewhere they particularly liked. If, for example, someone down the hall works at the mailroom, thinks its a great gig and is willing to put in a good word for you, voila! Thats networking in action. Apply Applying for on-campus jobs is usually a much lower-key process than applying for jobs at, say, a major department store or corporate office in town. That being said, its still important to appear professional when you apply for an on-campus job. No matter where you work on campus, youll undoubtedly be interacting with people off-campus, professors, upper-level administrators, and other important folks. Whoever hires you will want to make sure that when the community interacts with you, as a member and representative of their office, the interaction is positive and professional. So make sure you return phone calls or emails on time, show up for your interview on time, and dress in a way that makes sense for the position. Ask What the Time Line Is You may apply for a super-casual gig where they hire you on the spot. Or you may apply for something with a little more prestige where you need to wait a week or two (or more) before you hear if youve got the job or not. Its okay to ask during your interview when theyll be letting people know if they are being hired; that way, you can still apply for other jobs and be making progress while you wait. The last thing you want to do is shoot yourself in the foot by letting all the other good jobs slip by as you wait to hear from one specific place that ends up not hiring you. Although the first few weeks of any semester is a flurry of activity as students apply for on-campus jobs, everyone usually ends up landing something that they like. Being smart about the process can help increase the chances that youll end up with a job that not only provides a little cash but also lets you enjoy your time working in school.

CEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CEO - Essay Example The existence of defective products put the company at risk of defective product liability. â€Å"When a person is injured by a defective product, they may be able to sue the manufacturer or seller of that product in a defective product lawsuit† (Freeadvice, 2012). The company must take immediate action to eliminate any defective product units in the marketplace. A move that can ensure that the general public is protected is by issuing a product recall. The product recall idea will be verbally presented to the CEO and the directors during the upcoming meeting. Due to the urgency of the matter the directors will vote on the matter at the end of the meeting to implement the recall procedure immediately after the action is voted on. Allowing customers to get injured without warning them about the defects would be a socially irresponsible move. The CEO of the company should vote in favor or the recall because this measure legally protects the company against potential customer law suits. The measure also positively impacts the corporate image of the company. The recall measure is a reactive policy that serves as a quick fix to the situation. The company has a greater problem they must deal with. The company has a quality control problem. ... The company will develop a new manufacturing procedure that complies with all safety requirements to ensure the optimal quality control of the product. The customers will be notified about the product recall by notifying local news stations about the recall so that they make a public notification during their newscasts. All the customers will be called to their homes and a letter will be send as well. It is imperative for the company to properly notify the customers about defective product units. The company has to take measures to ratify the problem. The internal control audit will provide management with a serious of ideas on how to fix the problem based on properly identifying its roots. If the firm is not able to determine how to fix the problem based on the results of the internal audit the company should hire an external consultant to intervene. Assuming that the firm can develop a new manufacturing procedure on its own the firm should be able to solve their quality control pro blem internally. A control mechanism that the company will start implementing is performing a physical check of the unit prior to packaging the merchandise. The company will also extend a one year warranty on its products. The new warranty offering will be mailed to all the customers. Quality control problems are important issues that need the immediate attention of the corporate directors of an enterprise. Bad quality can tarnish the reputation of a company and it can hurt its brand value. Branding is a technique that allows companies to charge a premium price for its products and services (Kotler, 2003). The production and engineering

Media for Marketing and Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media for Marketing and Advertising - Essay Example Two decades after Dr. Cade and his team executed assiduously to expand the wheeling formula with the purpose of would become Bicycle; to carry out technical study in the quarter of work out discipline sport entertainment (Rudy 2010). Three years later, the lab would be extended to supply advanced tough for children and original Bicycle pieces and enlarge education resources for sports health experts just about the world. Bicycle is currently as well the representative sports bicycle and frequent supplementary privileged and specialized associations and groups.Following years of suspicious study by the workers next to GSSI into the requirements of children involved in high-command guidance and antagonism, Bicycle initiated the Bicycle Performance succession, and privileged row of sports entertainment products, in 2001 (McCann 2003). These products comprise Bicycle. Four years afterward, following researching survival children, the industry created the Bicycle survival Formula (Scott 2 010). Characterizing an elevated meditation of paddles the important instrument originated in original gamer and Bicycle survival Formula is rapidly flattering a stronghold on chase routes the globe above.Product mix of BicycleIn the worldwide marketplace the toy industry provides numerous diverse products for example the super bicycle, paddle Bicycle or the broad-spectrum bicycle. It’s the bicycle with the practical entertainment. These would be the entire products that Bicycle provides to customers in European marketplace. Contemporary market

Dior J`adore Perfume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dior J`adore Perfume - Essay Example As J’adore is a luxury item, it adds to the personality of women customers. The main features and attributes of the product highlighted by the company are: femininity, sophistication, and emotion. The other features are its everlasting fragrance, better quality, innovation, and its brand name. The company offers free shipment for a particular range of J’adore products. Tester facility is provided to the customers, to test the perfume as a demo. They also offer attractive sale offers on particular occasions like Christmas. During Christmas season Dior offers combination like lotion with perfume. Women, who have high income, are the main consumers of J’adore. The products come in models like J'Adore L'Absolu, J'Adore Anniversaire En Or, J'Adore L'or, J'Adore L'eau. Customers are ready to spend more time in search of the product, because once they use it they always go for the same product, and they identify themselves with the picture of feminity in the perfume. They never go for a different or substitute product, because of its unique fragrance and quality. The product has been in the market for the last ten years. Flimsy bottle caps sometimes with decorated gold ribbon, brilliant, transparent and unique crystal bottle design, and attractive letter design of the word J’adore are the distinctive features of the product packing. They also use luxurious, clean, contemporary image of celebrities on the package. Dior follows the pricing strategy of competitive pricing, ie; they set the price according to the prices set by their competitors. They also adopt premium pricing strategy for particular product range, to highlight the product’s exclusiveness. The product faces competition from Chanel, Guerlain, Cartier, Lancome, Prada, Givenchy, Calvin Klein and Angel de Thierry Mugler. The perfume industry faces tight competition. Chanel is one of the well established companies in France, which always offers high quality perfumes, at high prices. But the prices of J’adore and its competitors are almost similar. So there will not be much difference for the customers in making payment for the product. J’adore has a USP (Unique Selling Proposition), driven by emotions, which make it impossible to compare with the products of its competitors. The long lasting fragrances, the prestige that the brand name of J’adore gives when women apply it, the confidence she feels when it a dds to her personality makes the product a unique one, which is very difficult for the competitors to imitate. The targeted customers are women who earn high income. Once they like the product, they

History Of African American Music Music Essay

History Of African American Music Music Essay Music can free the human soul and every single person can listen to it. African American music became quickly part of American culture and even if its themes vary, from a pop singer to a rapper, discrimination will always be a theme in African American music; and among this, it had a big influence upon all peoples, including whites in the U.S.A., who started listening to it, loving it and even making it. Music gives you a certain perspective, a way of seeing and feeling things. That was contagious too. By music you can express whatever you want, whatever you feel. African Americans had indeed talent and no white could contest it. They sang about their sad past and many other things, but racism is a topic whereof many contemporary musicians put it in their songs. When slavery was still legal in America, work songs sung by slaves were their only liberation. Later these songs were known as spirituals, religious songs, and we can find their essence in blues and gospel music. Wade in the Water is a very well-known spiritual referring both to the New and the Old Testament. Its verses talk about the escape of the Israelites from Egypt and the chorus renders healing. Many books, among we find Frederick Douglas My Bondage and My Freedom tell us that spirituals, like this one, implied coded messages to help the slaves escape. Teaching him how to escape and leading him to the Underground Railroad are two things they are suspected to transmit. Spirituals like The Gospel Train, The Song of the Free and Following the Drinking Gourd are more related to the Underground Railroad. These were the inspiration of the later development of African American music. At the beginning of the twentieth century, blues and ragtime were very popular. Syncopation, which occurs when the regular flow of rhythm is changed (stressing a beat that normally it would not be stressed), is the hallmark of African American music styles like ragtime, jazz, blues, funk, reggae and other. Scott Joplin became the most famous composer in ragtime through Maple Leaf Rag, his 1899 publication, but also through other ragtime hits. The Blues had a bigger impact upon American culture. The name expresses a state of melancholy, sadness, a gloomy atmosphere and the most used instruments are the harmonica, the guitar, the piano, the saxophone, vocals and the trumpet. Rural blues was different where he developed. In Georgia and the Carolinas were more tuneful than Texas and Mississippi, Blind Boy Fuller being one of the representatives of this style. Texas blues are depicted by high singing and a flexible guitar line, Blind Lemon Jefferson was the most important bluesman in that area. Concerning Mississippi, the Mississippi Delta blues are the most powerful, gifted with a guitar accompaniment of great rhythm and percussion. Charley Patton, Tommy Johnson and Willie Brown are among the ones who define this style. Hart Wand, with Dallas Blues, and W.C. Handy, with The Memphis Blues were the first to publish blues sheets of music in 1912 and the first recording was Crazy Blues performed by Mamie Smith in 1920. In the 1950s the name race records, which was used because of discrimination (music was not separated by its genre, but by the ethnicity of its performer) disappeared and it was replaced with Rhythm and Blues. In that period electric blues also developed in cities such as Chicago, Memphis, Detroit and St. Louis, and in 1948 Chicago was the home of electric blues due to Muddy Waters who released his first popular song I Can t Be Satisfied. The Chicago blues knew a strong influence from the Delta blues because most Mississippi singers came into that part. The Chicago blues scene was very important in that time and Willie Dixon together with B.B. King and Howlin Wolf played an important role on it. Blues had an important influence on many other genres like jazz, rock and roll and even popular music. One of the early country bluesmen, Tom Dorsey became the father of Gospel (music with religious themes) which developed in the 1930s and the influence of which could later be found in the 1950s soul music. Ray Charles and James Brown are two soul singers that used gospel and blues in their work. Soul at its turn influenced funk music which emerged in the 1970s and this type of music could be called the ancestor of hip-hop and contemporary RB. In fact jazz could also be considered an ancestor of hip-hop due to its rapping. Jazz was a very popular genre of music and nowadays it has success only in certain groups of people. The term made reference to the music sung in Chicago in 1915 and it was slang. This kind of music has a vast history and in the same time one that changed the jazz music s style throughout time. Bebop, cool jazz, hard bop, modal jazz, soul jazz, swing and many other types delighted our ears. Louis Armstrong was the most popular jazz singer and the first African American who enjoyed great privileges. By the time racism was in power, Armstrong achieved levels of the American society that no black person could. Whites were fascinated by his talent and forgot all about their racist view, so we might say that we can find that highest power somewhere in music. It is something that one cannot understand, that thing that makes us act involuntarily. This was a great impact upon America s musicians of all sorts. Music changed many things because it was not about race or accusations, music was a bout introducing a state of heart that one, black or white, would feel it immediately. But in its background or even at the surface, songs underlined human identity, racism, poverty, discrimination, slavery and more issues like these which step-by-step, whites started to feel and passed over their stubborn belief that they were the superior race. Whites even adopted the African American music style and released songs that include racism, discrimination and other problems in America. The Apollo Theatre is located in Harlem, New York City, which is a neighborhood with a significant Black history. This theatre was the only place in New York for a long period of time were talented African Americans could find a job. The Apollo gained the public s attention during the Harlem Renaissance and the pre-War World II. Something specific to Apollo was the executioner . Each time the audience did not like the performer, a person with a broom came and swept him off the stage. Its Amateur Night hosted by Ralph Cooper was very important for many artists who wanted to start a career. Due to their appearance at the Apollo, artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Diana Ross, James Brown, The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Sarah Vaughan and many others became legends. In the 70s Black musicians did not have such a great success, but artists like Stevie Wonder, The O Jays, Barry White and Donna Summer managed to capture the attention of the entire American public. In the late 70s tough, a new musical culture appeared that had a very important impact, not only upon American culture, but also upon American mentality, lifestyle, language and behaviour. It was the Hip Hop culture which was not all about music. It could build personality; it could change your mentality and your lifestyle. The four pylons of this culture were MCing, Djing, breaking and graffiti writing. The term is originated from the African American Vernacular English where hip means current or in the known and hop refers to the movement. Hip Hop developed in South Bronx and it was represented through its rebellious and progressive elements. Rapping stands at the base of hip-hop and it is the art of using words to transmit a message during a beat. Rapping was a way of relating urban pr oblems, expressing powerful feelings of discontent and telling stories about anything in life. It was a way to liberate anger, but in the same time it was the voice of African Americans living in the ghetto, talking about street life, misery, money, family etc. To rap is a word used in British English since the sixteenth century and it means to strike , to hit . Many consider hip-hop a horrible genre of music because of the language that it is used and they cannot bear to hear it, so they do not want to listen to the message. Nonetheless, Hip Hop culture crossover and became one of the most popular, especially among young Americans who adopted the slang, the clothing, the inappropriate language and the mentality. At the beginning, hip-hop managed to diminish the rate of violence among inner-city gangs by its street dance and artwork battles. After these became real popular, many teenagers searched for different ways of expressing themselves and in this manner we could say that hip-hop was the motif for which not so many people died, but it did not make violence disappear. [Rap] emerged from the streets of inner-city neighborhoods as a genuine reflection of the hopes, concerns, and aspirations of urban Black youth in this, the last quarter of the 20th century. Rap is essentially a homemade, street-level musical genre . . . Rap lyrics concentrate primarily on the contemporary African American experience. . . Every issue within the Black community is subject to exposition in the rap arena. Hit rap tunes have broached touchy subjects such as sex, sexism, racism, and crime . . . Rap artists, they contend, don t talk that love stuff, but [rather] educate the listeners. (Powell 245) The 80s was the period that defined hip-hop music and made it more complex. Ice-T and Schoolly D introduced one of the most popular subgenres of hip-hop: gangsta rap, which was criticizes for promoting themes such as sex, violence, racism, promiscuity, misogyny, rape, drug dealing and more. The main feature of hip hop is the rebel touch which had a great influence upon America s society. Racism and their wretched past were not forgotten, and rappers made songs that underlined this part. Even if hip-hop is considered to have insulting lyrics, they are much more than that, having an intense meaning which reflects the everyday cultural, social, political and economic status of African Americans. Some of the hip-hop artists who sing about racism are Public Enemy (911 is a Joke, Anti-Nigger Machine, Fear of a Black Planet, Fight the Power), Run DMC (Proud to be Black), Kool G Rap D.J. Polo (Erase Racism), Getto Boys (No Sell Out), 3rd Bass (No Master Plan, No Master Race), Nas (America, Black President, You Can t Stop Us Now), Common feat Will I Am (A Dream) and Tupac (Ghetto Gospel, Changes, White Man s World, Trapped). Hip Hop is nowadays one of the most important labels of American music because it is in the same time a cultural aspect. African American music had a huge success in America and white people liked it so much that they started making jazz, blues, hip hop, gospel, soul and funk. African Americans could not have something against this movement because it would be contradicting their race beliefs, but in a short time they started appreciating the work of whites. Above all this, one thing is for sure: music genres will never die. People will always listen to the songs which they love, even if they are out-of-date and African American music is a part of American music which will never be forgotten. All the artists mentioned since the beginning gained a high respect in America and won awards for their pieces of art. Their contribution to America s culture was clearly seen and they also were a great inspiration for artists who followed them. Songs about slavery, racism, discrimination, fighting and human identity are some of the most important for American culture. Billie Holiday was an African American who inspired and also had an influence upon jazz singers. She was a singer and songwriter with an outstanding voice and style. Strange Fruit was part of her discography, even if it is a song which was performed by many others. This was a poem written by Abel Meeropol in which he underlines his repugnance for American racism, especially the lynching of African Americans. Billie Holiday s song was introduced in 1978 into the Grammy Hall of Fame, even if it was first performed in 1939 and it had its place on the list Songs of the Century. Sam Cooke released A Change is Gonna Come in 1964. He was an American gospel, soul and pop singer who won awards for his work and was voted in 2005 number 12 in Rolling Stone magazine s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. This song is one of the most famous about the Civil Rights Movement. In 1964, another jazz, soul, blues and gospel singer, Nina Simone contributed with three protest songs that emphasized social change: Mississippi Goddam, Four Women, To Be Young, Gifted and Black. These are among the most famous protest songs and self-written pieces. Another famous protest song is War which is very popular in America nowadays due to the fact that is became the soundtrack of the movie Rush Hour. The song is best-known performed by Edwin Starr and it also belongs to the soul genre. Its release in 1970s made War a runaway hit. James Brown captured the public s attention with the funk hit Say It Loud (I m Black and I m Proud) in 1968. The song became one of the most popular Black anthems of the 1960s and emphasized the necessity for black conferring of rights. Stevie Wonder was exactly like his name and in 1973 released Living for the City in which we can observe his dissatisfaction and irritation in the tension and anger incorporated in his voice. The main themes of the song were poverty and racism. Both singers won many awards for their work and were very important figures on America s cultural scene. Besides the entire list of successful African American singers, we have two artists that created a huge sensation: the King of Blues and the King of Pop. The first is B.B. King who recorded in 1983 a compilation which consists of his greatest work in that period and in the same time the themes of the compilation are racism, discrimination and humanity: Why I Sing the Blues. King won fifteen Grammy Awards and many others. He was initiated in 1987 into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Time magazine ranked him in 2009 the third from the ten best guitarists. He and his guitar Lucille are among America s prides. The second one, God rest his soul, was the contemporary African American s impact upon society. The legend, Michael Jackson, along with his songs and a publicized personal life showed the entire world what racism, discrimination and mistreatment meant. Songs like Black or White, They Don t Care about Us, Man in the Mirror and Heal the World were runaway hits since they were released . He won many awards and he was not only appreciated in America, but loved. Both legends bring fire in the hearts of their listeners. Rock and roll bands with different influences, mostly formed of whites, sang also about racism and discrimination. Some songs that emphasized more or less these themes are: The Beauty of Gray by Live, Colored People by Dc Talk, Ebony and Ivory by Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder, Heartspark $ by Everclear and even Have a Nice Day by Bon Jovi. In music African Americans had and still have a huge success, but also in many forms of culture. The National Museum of African Art in Washington, D.C. proves their touch upon American culture. However, music was the one who managed to make them feel free and equal by permitting them to express their true sorrows in a time when direct accusations were condemned. They just needed the talent and few metaphors.